From f9f40d3622da07812dc366b61270471f119781ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: A Naden <46694302+a-naden@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 19 May 2026 17:36:25 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Removes most of recap, issue #72. --- Intermediate.ipynb | 1459 ++++++--------------------------------- Intermediate_full.ipynb | 1433 ++++++-------------------------------- 2 files changed, 400 insertions(+), 2492 deletions(-) diff --git a/Intermediate.ipynb b/Intermediate.ipynb index f9389fd..f5c284d 100644 --- a/Intermediate.ipynb +++ b/Intermediate.ipynb @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ "editable": false }, "source": [ - "This section is a brief recap of materials covered in the Beginner Python course:\n", + "This section is a (very) brief recap of materials covered in the Beginner Python course:\n", "\n", "* Data Types, variables, operators\n", "* Comments\n", @@ -239,7 +239,8 @@ "* Reading and Writing Files\n", "* Lists\n", "* Repetitions and Conditions\n", - "* Functions\n" + "* Functions\n", + "Please review the previous course if this seems unfamiliar. [Link to previous course](https://github.com/DurhamARC-Training/BasicProgrammingPython)" ] }, { @@ -294,134 +295,151 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "enrolled_students = 728" + "enrolled_students = 728\n", + "welcome_message = \"Welcome!\"\n", + "---\n", + "**NOTE:** Values can be overwritten!\n", + "\n", + "If we define a new `welcome_message`, it changes.\n", + "print(welcome_message)" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "1489fa3d", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "2a63c2dd", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" + "slide_type": "slide" }, - "tags": [] + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "work_hours = 7.5" + "## Data types" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "fb6110d3", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "7ab44bf2", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "is_loaded = False" + "Among the basic ones are `str` strings, `int` integers, `float` floating-point numbers and `bool` booleans.\n", + "str - characters, text\n", + "msg = \"Welcome to ARC training\"\n", + "#int - integer (whole numbers)\n", + "attendee_total=123\n", + "#float - decimal numbers\n", + "pi = 3.14159\n", + "#bool - True or False\n", + "event = True\n" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "ac31e498", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "b68a5bbf", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } + "slide_type": "slide" + }, + "editable": false }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "welcome_message = \"Welcome!\"" + "**Operators** \n", + "\n", + "- Numerical data: `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `%`, `**`, built-in functions `abs`, ...\n", + "- Strings: `+`, `\"apple,banana,orange\".split(\",\")`\n", + "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "e1bd297e", + "id": "d20cb9b3", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" + "slide_type": "slide" }, "tags": [], "editable": false }, "source": [ - "---\n", - "**NOTE:** Values can be overwritten!\n", - "\n", - "If we define a new `welcome_message`, it changes." + "## Comments\n", + "Use # to add single line comments.\n", + "or use ''' or \"\"\" to start and end multiline comments\n.", + "to describe what your code is doing." ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "94b6e716", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "8ee98ee9", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" + "slide_type": "slide" }, - "tags": [] + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "welcome_message = \"Welcome, User\"" + "## User Input\n", + "Use `variable = input()` to recieve user input from the terminal" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "d11dd969", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "52819c95", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" + "slide_type": "slide" }, - "tags": [] + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(welcome_message)" + "## Reading and Writing Files" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "2a63c2dd", + "id": "a0966820", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" + "slide_type": "" }, "tags": [], "editable": false }, "source": [ - "## Data types" + "**Opening a File**\n", + "\n", + "[Python Documentation (mode)](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files)" ] }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "7ab44bf2", + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "38966db9", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false + "tags": [] }, + "outputs": [], "source": [ - "As with any programming language, Python can deal with many different data types. Among the basic ones are `str` strings, `int` integers, `float` floating-point numbers and `bool` booleans.\n", - "\n", - "* an example of a _numeric_ value, _integer_ value;\n", - "* an integer _expression_, a basic building block of a Python _statement_;\n", - "* normal arithmetic addition" + "# Using a with statement\n", + "with open('./data/data_file.txt', 'r') as text_file:# use r(ead), (over)w(rite), a(ppend) or r+, w+ (read+write)\n", + " content = text_file.read()\n", + " print(content)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "c33c20f5", + "id": "aadba414", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" @@ -430,172 +448,142 @@ "editable": false }, "source": [ - "#### Numerical" + "**Reading from a File**\n", + "\n", + "Here are some file functions for reading from a file:\n", + "\n", + "* file.read() - Read the entire file content as a newline (\\n) separated string.\n", + "* file.readlines() - Read all lines into a List object. Each element in the list will contain one line including its newline character (\\n)." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "7a797eab", + "id": "1f1185e6", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" + "slide_type": "slide" }, "tags": [], "editable": false }, "source": [ - "##### Floating-point representation:\n", - "* A built-in `float` is typically a double-precision (64-bit) floating-point number, following the IEEE 754 standard\n", - "\n", - "| Title | Storage | Smallest Magnitude | Largest Magnitude | Minimum Precision |\n", - "|-------|---------|--------------------|-------------------|-------------------|\n", - "| float | 64 bits | 2.22507 \u00d7 10e\u2212308 | 1.79769 \u00d7 10+308 | ~15-17 digits |" + "**Writing to a File**" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "c13d9a15", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "179f132a", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } + "slide_type": "fragment" + }, + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "pi = 3.14159\n", - "print(\"Pi =\", pi)" + "One way we can write to files is using the `write()` function inside a with block." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "26b8760c", + "id": "911d44b3", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "tags": [] }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "type(pi) # float" + "with open(\"./data/testfile.txt\", \"w\") as text_file:\n", + " text_file.write(\"Some words \\n\")\n", + " text_file.write(str(25))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b9324c88", + "id": "b61a8691", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" + "slide_type": "slide" }, + "tags": [], "editable": false }, "source": [ - "_NOTE_: Scientific notation is supported!" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "3253e3d0", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "avogadros_number = 6.022e23\n", - "c = 2.998e8\n", - "print(\"Avogadro's number =\", avogadros_number)\n", - "print(\"Speed of light =\", c)" + "## Lists" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "397f9f86", + "id": "9c82edee", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" + "slide_type": "" }, + "tags": [], "editable": false }, "source": [ - "##### Integer representation:\n", - "* No Fixed Bounds. You can store extremely large positive or negative integers, constrained only by the available memory\n", - "* No explicit smallest or largest representable `int`" + "Python can work not only with basic data types mentioned before, but also with compound ones. Among the most commonly used is _lists_ to contain other data types.\n", + "\n", + "* [List](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#Lists)\n", + "\n", + "We'll learn about other data structures later today." ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "3342a922", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "8bb91a15", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "n = 3\n", - "print(n)" + "An ordered list of items, accessed by a numerical index (starting at `0`). Elements within a list can be removed, modified, or accessed by their index, and a list can have values added to it.\n", + "\n", + "Defined using square brackets `[]`." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "36e671e1", + "id": "fdc8600e", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "tags": [] }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "type(n) # integer" + "letter_list = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"] A list of odd letters\n", + "print(letter_list)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b68a5bbf", + "id": "efc747a1", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" }, + "tags": [], "editable": false }, "source": [ - "**Numerical Operators** \n", - "\n", - "- Numerical data: `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `%`, `**`, built-in functions `abs`, ...\n", - "- Order of execution:\n", - " 1. `()`\n", - " 2. `**`\n", - " 3. `*`, `/`\n", - " 4. `+`, `-`\n", - " 5. Left-to-right (except exponentiation!)\n", - "\n", - "So, use parenthesis to make sure!" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "af62e441", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "print(\"Addition:\", 1 + 2)" + "**List Access** \n", + "You can access a list using its index value, starting from `0`." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "7e7ef933", + "id": "2b2c4dee", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -603,55 +591,58 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(\"Subtraction:\", 1 - 2)" + "letter_list[3] # access the 4th element in the list (starts counting at 0)" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "28810d42", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "b8369a1a", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } + "slide_type": "slide" + }, + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(\"Multiplication:\", 5 * 10)" + "**Slicing** \n", + "You can also use slicing for specific partial list access." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "8b66a0a4", + "id": "e0fac9bf", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "tags": [] }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(\"Division:\", 10 / 5)" + "letter_list[1:4:2] # Slicing from index 1 (inclusive), to 4 (exclusive) with a step of 2" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "6984dbe1", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "fe6ffaf2", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } + "slide_type": "slide" + }, + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(\"Modulus:\", 10 % 3)" + "**Empty List** \n", + "You can create empty lists:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "74e37711", + "id": "0edf3fa6", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -659,12 +650,13 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(\"Exponentiation:\", 2 ** 3)" + "new_list = [] # An empty list\n", + "print(new_list)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "a5e3ab30", + "id": "f87cfa0f", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" @@ -673,43 +665,42 @@ "editable": false }, "source": [ - "#### String" + "## Repetitions and Conditions\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "ba570bf4", + "id": "eae67d96", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" + "slide_type": "slide" }, + "tags": [], "editable": false }, "source": [ - "A string is a series of characters enclosed in quotes, either single or double, used to represent text." + "**Logical Operators** \n", + "We can determine conditions based on Boolean logic: using `and`, `or`, `not` to *evaluate* boolean expressions:" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "ea3df5a1", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "b38b2739", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" + "slide_type": "fragment" }, - "tags": [] + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "s = 'Hello, World!'\n", - "s = \"Hello, World!\"\n", - "print(s)" + "**AND:**" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "e3c09d2d", + "id": "db33e773", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -718,29 +709,32 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "type(s) # string" + "a = True\n", + "b = False\n", + "\n", + "a and b\n", + "a or b\n", + "not a\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "50a4347d", + "id": "9303b3ff", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" + "slide_type": "slide" }, - "tags": [], "editable": false }, "source": [ - "**String Concatenation** \n", - "\n", - "We can combine strings together." + "**Conditions** \n", + "In order to control program flow, and whether or not code is executed, we can do conditions based on variable values." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "d9fadfdc", + "id": "a0af6ea1", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -748,14 +742,16 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "# String concatenation\n", - "hello_world = \"Hello,\" + \" World!\"\n", - "print(hello_world)" + "x = 5\n", + "y = 6\n", + "\n", + "if ((x > 2) and (y < 12)):\n", + " print(\"x =\", x, \"is GREATER THAN 2 AND y =\",y ,\"is LESS THAN 12\")\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "d20cb9b3", + "id": "3246bbe1", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" @@ -764,862 +760,32 @@ "editable": false }, "source": [ - "## Comments" + "**Else/Elif** \n", + "\n", + "We may also specify either/or with `if/else`, and even add extra conditions with `elif`." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "7ac031a7", + "id": "8c87d3f8", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" + "slide_type": "slide" }, "tags": [], "editable": false }, "source": [ - "Used to write notes or comments about code, as well as description of what the code is doing, or the variables used." + "**Repetitions** \n", + "There are a number of ways for us to repeat lines or blocks of code within our program, to do this we use `loops`:\n", + "for loops - execute for each item specified in the definition\n", + "while loop - execute while condition is met (checked at start of each cycle)\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "41b7cdfe", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# A single-line comment!\n", - "welcome_message = \"Welcome, User!\"\n", - "print(welcome_message) # Print welcome message" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "9c50f102", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "'''\n", - "A multi-line comment!\n", - "'''\n", - "print(\"something\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "3f72dedf", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "\"\"\"\n", - "Another multi-line comment!\n", - "\"\"\"\n", - "print(\"something else\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "8ee98ee9", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "## User Input" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "6b2e3c6e", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "You can use `input()` to read user input: " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "a1178a62", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "inputted_variable = float(input())\n", - "print(inputted_variable) # Print what we just input!\n", - "type(inputted_variable)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "52819c95", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "## Reading and Writing Files" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "a0966820", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**Opening a File**\n", - "\n", - "Two things to note here:\n", - " - My object `my_file` is different from my file `\"testfile.txt\"`!\n", - " - There are different modes:\n", - " - read: `'r'`\n", - " - (over-)write: `'w'`\n", - " - append: `'a'`\n", - " - read+write: `'w+'` or `'r+'`\n", - "\n", - "[Python Documentation (mode)](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "38966db9", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Using a with statement\n", - "with open('./data/data_file.txt', 'r') as text_file:\n", - " content = text_file.read()\n", - " print(content)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "aadba414", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**Reading from a File**\n", - "\n", - "Here are some file functions for reading from a file:\n", - "\n", - "* file.read() - Read the entire file content as a newline (\\n) separated string.\n", - "* file.readlines() - Read all lines into a List object. Each element in the list will contain one line including its newline character (\\n)." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "7f0a6056", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "with open(\"./data/data_file.txt\") as text_file:\n", - " print(text_file.read())" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "ec567746", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "with open(\"./data/data_file.txt\") as text_file:\n", - " print(text_file.readlines())" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "1f1185e6", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**Writing to a File**" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "179f132a", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "One way we can write to files is using the `write()` function." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "e998f8fe", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "Using the `with` keyword:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "911d44b3", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "with open(\"./data/testfile.txt\", \"w\") as text_file:\n", - " text_file.write(\"Some words \\n\")\n", - " text_file.write(str(25))" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b61a8691", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "## Lists" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "9c82edee", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "Python can work not only with basic data types mentioned before, but also with compound ones. Compound data types in Python are a powerful tool for organizing and storing data. Among the most commonly used is _lists_ which we learned about in the beginner's course.\n", - "\n", - "* [List](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#Lists)\n", - "\n", - "We'll learn about other data structures later today." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "8bb91a15", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "An ordered list of items, accessed by a numerical index (starting at `0`). Elements within a list can be removed, modified, or accessed by their index, and a list can have values added to it.\n", - "\n", - "Defined using square brackets `[]`." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "fdc8600e", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9] # A list of odd numbers\n", - "print(odd_list)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "efc747a1", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**List Access** \n", - "You can access a list using its index value, starting from `0`." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "2b2c4dee", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[0]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "3f87d56b", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[1]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "b686d58d", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[-1]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "1f916c68", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[-2]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b8369a1a", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**Slicing** \n", - "You can also use slicing for specific partial list access." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "e0fac9bf", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[1:4] # Slicing from index 1 (inclusive), to 4 (exclusive)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "586edf14", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[3:] # Slicing from index 3 to end." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "9f0dea38", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[:3] # Slicing from beginning to index 3" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "bab8e8a0", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[::2] # Slicing with a step of 2" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "fe6ffaf2", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**Empty List** \n", - "You can create empty lists:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "0edf3fa6", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "new_list = [] # An empty list\n", - "print(new_list)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "f87cfa0f", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "## Repetitions and Conditions\n", - "\n", - "First, let's recap boolean logic. Boolean logic uses just two values: True, and False." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "9ca15865", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "#### Boolean" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "d7b7abb8", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "b1 = False\n", - "b2 = True\n", - "print(b1)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "9296bb88", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "type(True) # boolean" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "eae67d96", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**Logical Operators** \n", - "We can determine conditions based on Boolean logic: using `and`, `or`, `not` to *evaluate* boolean expressions:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b38b2739", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**AND:**" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "db33e773", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "a = True\n", - "b = False\n", - "\n", - "a and b" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "5c8055b9-5863-486e-a741-de11eee3faa9", - "metadata": { - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "We can display the results of the `AND` operation using a \"truth table\":\n", - "| *and* | True | False |\n", - "| --------- | ----- | ----- |\n", - "| __True__ | True | False |\n", - "| __False__ | False | False |" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "8b00b658", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "---\n", - "**OR:**" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "725d0173", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "a = True\n", - "b = False\n", - "\n", - "a or b" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "4a4f35dc-5107-4589-984a-75f7a929958c", - "metadata": { - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "| *or* | True | False |\n", - "| --------- | ----- | ----- |\n", - "| __True__ | True | True |\n", - "| __False__ | True | False |\n", - "\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "6a10fe2f", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "---\n", - "**NOT:**" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "27378611", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "a = True\n", - "\n", - "not a" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "bf19d081-ce51-4b07-bc67-94c4569b9ca9", - "metadata": { - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "| *not* | True | False |\n", - "| ----- | ----- | ----- |\n", - "| | False | True |" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "9303b3ff", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**Conditions** \n", - "In order to control program flow, and whether or not code is executed, we can do conditions based on variable values." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "7fd769b8-28d3-416a-823f-21f7ffcceef7", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "if a:\n", - " print(\"a is True!\")\n", - "else:\n", - " print(\"a is False.\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "a0af6ea1", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "x = 5\n", - "\n", - "if x > 2:\n", - " print(\"x =\", x, \"is GREATER THAN 2\")\n", - "\n", - "if x == 3:\n", - " print(\"x =\", x, \"is EQUAL TO 3\")\n", - "\n", - "if x >= 3:\n", - " print(\"x =\", x, \"is GREATER THAN or EQUAL TO 3\")\n", - "\n", - "if x != 0:\n", - " print(\"x =\", x, \"IS NOT 0\")\n", - "\n", - "if x < 4:\n", - " print(\"x =\", x, \"is LESS THAN 4\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "3246bbe1", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**Else/Elif** \n", - "\n", - "We may also specify either/or with `if/else`, and even add extra conditions with `elif`." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "8cab77e6", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "x = 10\n", - "\n", - "if x > 0:\n", - " print(\"x is positive\")\n", - "elif x < 0:\n", - " print(\"x is negative\")\n", - "else:\n", - " print(\"x is zero\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "8c87d3f8", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**Repetitions** \n", - "There are a number of ways for us to repeat lines or blocks of code within our program, to do this we use `loops`:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "095edef4", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "For Each Loop: \n", - "A for each loop will execute its code for each item specified within the loop definition" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "c7dc2e03", + "id": "c7dc2e03", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -1628,114 +794,12 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ + "#for\n", "animal_list = [\"Cat\", \"Dog\", \"Bird\"]\n", "\n", "for animal in animal_list:\n", - " print(\"Current animal is:\", animal)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "76e99a09", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "The above describes `for each animal in animal_list`." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "e5b05a2c", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "---\n", - "We are able to use a range-based for loop:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "b14f546d", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "for i in range(0, 5):\n", - " print(i * 2) # Here we are manipulating the value each time!" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "713884f6", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "for i in range(0, 10, 2): # Here we define a step of 2!\n", - " print(i)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "b3078796", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "for i in range(10, 0, -1): # Counting down from 10, in steps of 1\n", - " print(i)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "99b52e73", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "While Loop \n", - "A `while` loop will continue until the defined condition has been met, which can potentially not happen and cause an infinite loop.\n", - "\n", - "Here we are printing `n`, then incrementing it by 1, while `n` is LESS THAN 10." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "136268d9", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ + " print(\"Current animal is:\", animal)\n", + "#while\n", "n = 0\n", "\n", "while n < 10:\n", @@ -1745,30 +809,13 @@ }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "89cd06cc", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "editable": false - }, + "id": "ad3766a1", "source": [ - "_NOTE_: The `break` keyword can be used to stop execution of a loop. \n", - "_NOTE_: Use `ctrl+C` to break execution in your terminal if needed." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b6c7b631", + "## Functions" + ], "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "## Functions" - ] + } }, { "cell_type": "markdown", @@ -1785,50 +832,7 @@ "\n", "We define a function using the `def` keyword, then parenthesis, which may contain the function `parameters` or `arguments` (different terms, same thing).\n", "\n", - "_NOTE_: You should give your functions and arguments explanative names." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b83eb9fd", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**Parameters/Arguments** \n", - "A function can receive 0 or more variables as arguments which are 'passed' through and are used during the execution of the function as required." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "25dddacf", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "**Returns** \n", - "A function may return a single variable, or variables, it may also return nothing where it is required to just execute some logic." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "aa2983d4", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ + "_NOTE_: You should give your functions and arguments explanative names.\n", "Here is a very basic example of a function:" ] }, @@ -1852,71 +856,6 @@ "print(calculated_value)" ] }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "429c78c2", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "Note that we are able to save the result of `sum_numbers`, to a variable which we have aptly named `calculated_value`, which can be reused later." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "f64d31aa", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [], - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "---\n", - "Here we are modifying setting a default value for our `name` argument:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "643f4038", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "def generate_greeting(name='Guest'):\n", - " \"\"\"\n", - " Generate the default greeting message.\n", - " Name will default to 'guest'.\n", - " \"\"\"\n", - " print(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n", - "\n", - "generate_greeting()\n", - "generate_greeting(\"User\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b07b62ef", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "editable": false - }, - "source": [ - "Without specifying the `name` argument, the `generate_greeting` will use the default value specified within the function definition." - ] - }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "7e95592e", diff --git a/Intermediate_full.ipynb b/Intermediate_full.ipynb index a7ea66c..23d096c 100644 --- a/Intermediate_full.ipynb +++ b/Intermediate_full.ipynb @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ } }, "source": [ - "This section is a brief recap of materials covered in the Beginner Python course:\n", + "This section is a (very) brief recap of materials covered in the Beginner Python course:\n", "\n", "* Data Types, variables, operators\n", "* Comments\n", @@ -226,7 +226,8 @@ "* Reading and Writing Files\n", "* Lists\n", "* Repetitions and Conditions\n", - "* Functions\n" + "* Functions\n", + "Please review the previous course if this seems unfamiliar. [Link to previous course](https://github.com/DurhamARC-Training/BasicProgrammingPython)" ] }, { @@ -279,131 +280,144 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "enrolled_students = 728" + "enrolled_students = 728\n", + "welcome_message = \"Welcome!\"\n", + "---\n", + "**NOTE:** Values can be overwritten!\n", + "\n", + "If we define a new `welcome_message`, it changes.\n", + "print(welcome_message)" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "1489fa3d", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "2a63c2dd", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" + "slide_type": "slide" }, "tags": [] }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "work_hours = 7.5" + "## Data types" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "fb6110d3", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "7ab44bf2", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "tags": [] }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "is_loaded = False" - ] + "Among the basic ones are `str` strings, `int` integers, `float` floating-point numbers and `bool` booleans.\n", + "str - characters, text\n", + "msg = \"Welcome to ARC training\"\n", + "#int - integer (whole numbers)\n", + "attendee_total=123\n", + "#float - decimal numbers\n", + "pi = 3.14159\n", + "#bool - True or False\n", + "event = True\n" + ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "ac31e498", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "b68a5bbf", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" + "slide_type": "slide" } }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "welcome_message = \"Welcome!\"" + "**Operators** \n", + "\n", + "- Numerical data: `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `%`, `**`, built-in functions `abs`, ...\n", + "- Strings: `+`, `\"apple,banana,orange\".split(\",\")`\n", + "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "e1bd297e", + "id": "d20cb9b3", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" + "slide_type": "slide" }, "tags": [] }, "source": [ - "---\n", - "**NOTE:** Values can be overwritten!\n", - "\n", - "If we define a new `welcome_message`, it changes." + "## Comments\n", + "Use # to add single line comments.\n", + "or use ''' or \"\"\" to start and end multiline comments\n.", + "to describe what your code is doing." ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "94b6e716", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "8ee98ee9", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" + "slide_type": "slide" }, "tags": [] }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "welcome_message = \"Welcome, User\"" + "## User Input\n", + "Use `variable = input()` to recieve user input from the terminal" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "d11dd969", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "52819c95", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" + "slide_type": "slide" }, "tags": [] }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(welcome_message)" + "## Reading and Writing Files" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "2a63c2dd", + "id": "a0966820", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" + "slide_type": "" }, "tags": [] }, "source": [ - "## Data types" + "**Opening a File**\n", + "\n", + "[Python Documentation (mode)](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files)" ] }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "7ab44bf2", + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "38966db9", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" }, "tags": [] }, + "outputs": [], "source": [ - "As with any programming language, Python can deal with many different data types. Among the basic ones are `str` strings, `int` integers, `float` floating-point numbers and `bool` booleans.\n", - "\n", - "* an example of a _numeric_ value, _integer_ value;\n", - "* an integer _expression_, a basic building block of a Python _statement_;\n", - "* normal arithmetic addition" + "# Using a with statement\n", + "with open('./data/data_file.txt', 'r') as text_file:# use r(ead), (over)w(rite), a(ppend) or r+, w+ (read+write)\n", + " content = text_file.read()\n", + " print(content)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "c33c20f5", + "id": "aadba414", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" @@ -411,154 +425,136 @@ "tags": [] }, "source": [ - "#### Numerical" + "**Reading from a File**\n", + "\n", + "Here are some file functions for reading from a file:\n", + "\n", + "* file.read() - Read the entire file content as a newline (\\n) separated string.\n", + "* file.readlines() - Read all lines into a List object. Each element in the list will contain one line including its newline character (\\n)." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "7a797eab", + "id": "1f1185e6", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" + "slide_type": "slide" }, "tags": [] }, "source": [ - "##### Floating-point representation:\n", - "* A built-in `float` is typically a double-precision (64-bit) floating-point number, following the IEEE 754 standard\n", - "\n", - "| Title | Storage | Smallest Magnitude | Largest Magnitude | Minimum Precision |\n", - "|-------|---------|--------------------|-------------------|-------------------|\n", - "| float | 64 bits | 2.22507 × 10e−308 | 1.79769 × 10+308 | ~15-17 digits |" + "**Writing to a File**" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "c13d9a15", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "179f132a", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } + "slide_type": "fragment" + }, + "tags": [] }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "pi = 3.14159\n", - "print(\"Pi =\", pi)" + "One way we can write to files is using the `write()` function inside a with block." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "26b8760c", + "id": "911d44b3", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "tags": [] }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "type(pi) # float" + "with open(\"./data/testfile.txt\", \"w\") as text_file:\n", + " text_file.write(\"Some words \\n\")\n", + " text_file.write(str(25))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b9324c88", + "id": "b61a8691", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - } + "slide_type": "slide" + }, + "tags": [] }, "source": [ - "_NOTE_: Scientific notation is supported!" + "## Lists" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "3253e3d0", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "9c82edee", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "tags": [] }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "avogadros_number = 6.022e23\n", - "c = 2.998e8\n", - "print(\"Avogadro's number =\", avogadros_number)\n", - "print(\"Speed of light =\", c)" + "Python can work not only with basic data types mentioned before, but also with compound ones. Among the most commonly used is _lists_ to contain other data types.\n", + "\n", + "* [List](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#Lists)\n", + "\n", + "We'll learn about other data structures later today." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "397f9f86", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - } - }, - "source": [ - "##### Integer representation:\n", - "* No Fixed Bounds. You can store extremely large positive or negative integers, constrained only by the available memory\n", - "* No explicit smallest or largest representable `int`" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "3342a922", + "id": "8bb91a15", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "tags": [] }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "n = 3\n", - "print(n)" + "An ordered list of items, accessed by a numerical index (starting at `0`). Elements within a list can be removed, modified, or accessed by their index, and a list can have values added to it.\n", + "\n", + "Defined using square brackets `[]`." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "36e671e1", + "id": "fdc8600e", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "tags": [] }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "type(n) # integer" + "letter_list = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"] A list of odd letters\n", + "print(letter_list)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b68a5bbf", + "id": "efc747a1", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" - } + }, + "tags": [] }, "source": [ - "**Numerical Operators** \n", - "\n", - "- Numerical data: `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `%`, `**`, built-in functions `abs`, ...\n", - "- Order of execution:\n", - " 1. `()`\n", - " 2. `**`\n", - " 3. `*`, `/`\n", - " 4. `+`, `-`\n", - " 5. Left-to-right (except exponentiation!)\n", - "\n", - "So, use parenthesis to make sure!" + "**List Access** \n", + "You can access a list using its index value, starting from `0`." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "af62e441", + "id": "2b2c4dee", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -566,55 +562,56 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(\"Addition:\", 1 + 2)" + "letter_list[3] # access the 4th element in the list (starts counting at 0)" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "7e7ef933", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "b8369a1a", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } + "slide_type": "slide" + }, + "tags": [] }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(\"Subtraction:\", 1 - 2)" + "**Slicing** \n", + "You can also use slicing for specific partial list access." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "28810d42", + "id": "e0fac9bf", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "tags": [] }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(\"Multiplication:\", 5 * 10)" + "letter_list[1:4:2] # Slicing from index 1 (inclusive), to 4 (exclusive) with a step of 2" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "8b66a0a4", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "fe6ffaf2", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } + "slide_type": "slide" + }, + "tags": [] }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(\"Division:\", 10 / 5)" + "**Empty List** \n", + "You can create empty lists:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "6984dbe1", + "id": "0edf3fa6", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -622,26 +619,26 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(\"Modulus:\", 10 % 3)" + "new_list = [] # An empty list\n", + "print(new_list)" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "74e37711", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "f87cfa0f", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } + "slide_type": "slide" + }, + "tags": [] }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "print(\"Exponentiation:\", 2 ** 3)" + "## Repetitions and Conditions\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "a5e3ab30", + "id": "eae67d96", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" @@ -649,42 +646,27 @@ "tags": [] }, "source": [ - "#### String" + "**Logical Operators** \n", + "We can determine conditions based on Boolean logic: using `and`, `or`, `not` to *evaluate* boolean expressions:" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "ba570bf4", + "id": "b38b2739", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" - } - }, - "source": [ - "A string is a series of characters enclosed in quotes, either single or double, used to represent text." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "ea3df5a1", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" }, "tags": [] }, - "outputs": [], "source": [ - "s = 'Hello, World!'\n", - "s = \"Hello, World!\"\n", - "print(s)" + "**AND:**" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "e3c09d2d", + "id": "db33e773", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -693,28 +675,31 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "type(s) # string" + "a = True\n", + "b = False\n", + "\n", + "a and b\n", + "a or b\n", + "not a\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "50a4347d", + "id": "9303b3ff", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] + "slide_type": "slide" + } }, "source": [ - "**String Concatenation** \n", - "\n", - "We can combine strings together." + "**Conditions** \n", + "In order to control program flow, and whether or not code is executed, we can do conditions based on variable values." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "d9fadfdc", + "id": "a0af6ea1", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -722,14 +707,17 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "# String concatenation\n", - "hello_world = \"Hello,\" + \" World!\"\n", - "print(hello_world)" + "x = 5\n", + "y = 6\n", + + "\n", + "if ((x > 2) and (y < 12)):\n", + " print(\"x =\", x, \"is GREATER THAN 2 AND y =\",y ,\"is LESS THAN 12\")\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "d20cb9b3", + "id": "3246bbe1", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" @@ -737,26 +725,31 @@ "tags": [] }, "source": [ - "## Comments" + "**Else/Elif** \n", + "\n", + "We may also specify either/or with `if/else`, and even add extra conditions with `elif`." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "7ac031a7", + "id": "8c87d3f8", "metadata": { "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" + "slide_type": "slide" }, "tags": [] }, "source": [ - "Used to write notes or comments about code, as well as description of what the code is doing, or the variables used." + "**Repetitions** \n", + "There are a number of ways for us to repeat lines or blocks of code within our program, to do this we use `loops`:\n", + "for loops - execute for each item specified in the definition\n", + "while loop - execute while condition is met (checked at start of each cycle)\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, - "id": "41b7cdfe", + "id": "c7dc2e03", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -765,951 +758,29 @@ }, "outputs": [], "source": [ - "# A single-line comment!\n", - "welcome_message = \"Welcome, User!\"\n", - "print(welcome_message) # Print welcome message" + "#for\n", + "animal_list = [\"Cat\", \"Dog\", \"Bird\"]\n", + "\n", + "for animal in animal_list:\n", + " print(\"Current animal is:\", animal)\n", + "#while\n", + "n = 0\n", + "\n", + "while n < 10:\n", + " print(n)\n", + " n += 1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "ad3766a1", + "source": [ + "## Functions" ] }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "9c50f102", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "'''\n", - "A multi-line comment!\n", - "'''\n", - "print(\"something\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "3f72dedf", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "\"\"\"\n", - "Another multi-line comment!\n", - "\"\"\"\n", - "print(\"something else\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "8ee98ee9", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "## User Input" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "6b2e3c6e", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "You can use `input()` to read user input: " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "a1178a62", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "inputted_variable = float(input())\n", - "print(inputted_variable) # Print what we just input!\n", - "type(inputted_variable)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "52819c95", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "## Reading and Writing Files" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "a0966820", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "**Opening a File**\n", - "\n", - "Two things to note here:\n", - " - My object `my_file` is different from my file `\"testfile.txt\"`!\n", - " - There are different modes:\n", - " - read: `'r'`\n", - " - (over-)write: `'w'`\n", - " - append: `'a'`\n", - " - read+write: `'w+'` or `'r+'`\n", - "\n", - "[Python Documentation (mode)](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "38966db9", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Using a with statement\n", - "with open('./data/data_file.txt', 'r') as text_file:\n", - " content = text_file.read()\n", - " print(content)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "aadba414", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "**Reading from a File**\n", - "\n", - "Here are some file functions for reading from a file:\n", - "\n", - "* file.read() - Read the entire file content as a newline (\\n) separated string.\n", - "* file.readlines() - Read all lines into a List object. Each element in the list will contain one line including its newline character (\\n)." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "7f0a6056", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "with open(\"./data/data_file.txt\") as text_file:\n", - " print(text_file.read())" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "ec567746", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "with open(\"./data/data_file.txt\") as text_file:\n", - " print(text_file.readlines())" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "1f1185e6", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "**Writing to a File**" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "179f132a", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "One way we can write to files is using the `write()` function." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "e998f8fe", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "Using the `with` keyword:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "911d44b3", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "with open(\"./data/testfile.txt\", \"w\") as text_file:\n", - " text_file.write(\"Some words \\n\")\n", - " text_file.write(str(25))" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b61a8691", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "## Lists" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "9c82edee", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "Python can work not only with basic data types mentioned before, but also with compound ones. Compound data types in Python are a powerful tool for organizing and storing data. Among the most commonly used is _lists_ which we learned about in the beginner's course.\n", - "\n", - "* [List](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#Lists)\n", - "\n", - "We'll learn about other data structures later today." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "8bb91a15", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "An ordered list of items, accessed by a numerical index (starting at `0`). Elements within a list can be removed, modified, or accessed by their index, and a list can have values added to it.\n", - "\n", - "Defined using square brackets `[]`." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "fdc8600e", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9] # A list of odd numbers\n", - "print(odd_list)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "efc747a1", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "**List Access** \n", - "You can access a list using its index value, starting from `0`." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "2b2c4dee", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[0]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "3f87d56b", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[1]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "b686d58d", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[-1]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "1f916c68", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[-2]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b8369a1a", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "**Slicing** \n", - "You can also use slicing for specific partial list access." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "e0fac9bf", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[1:4] # Slicing from index 1 (inclusive), to 4 (exclusive)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "586edf14", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[3:] # Slicing from index 3 to end." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "9f0dea38", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[:3] # Slicing from beginning to index 3" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "bab8e8a0", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "odd_list[::2] # Slicing with a step of 2" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "fe6ffaf2", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "**Empty List** \n", - "You can create empty lists:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "0edf3fa6", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "new_list = [] # An empty list\n", - "print(new_list)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "f87cfa0f", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "## Repetitions and Conditions\n", - "\n", - "First, let's recap boolean logic. Boolean logic uses just two values: True, and False." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "9ca15865", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - } - }, - "source": [ - "#### Boolean" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "d7b7abb8", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "b1 = False\n", - "b2 = True\n", - "print(b1)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "9296bb88", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "type(True) # boolean" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "eae67d96", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "**Logical Operators** \n", - "We can determine conditions based on Boolean logic: using `and`, `or`, `not` to *evaluate* boolean expressions:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b38b2739", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "**AND:**" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "db33e773", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "a = True\n", - "b = False\n", - "\n", - "a and b" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "5c8055b9-5863-486e-a741-de11eee3faa9", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "We can display the results of the `AND` operation using a \"truth table\":\n", - "| *and* | True | False |\n", - "| --------- | ----- | ----- |\n", - "| __True__ | True | False |\n", - "| __False__ | False | False |" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "8b00b658", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "---\n", - "**OR:**" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "725d0173", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "a = True\n", - "b = False\n", - "\n", - "a or b" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "4a4f35dc-5107-4589-984a-75f7a929958c", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "| *or* | True | False |\n", - "| --------- | ----- | ----- |\n", - "| __True__ | True | True |\n", - "| __False__ | True | False |\n", - "\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "6a10fe2f", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - } - }, - "source": [ - "---\n", - "**NOT:**" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "27378611", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "a = True\n", - "\n", - "not a" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "bf19d081-ce51-4b07-bc67-94c4569b9ca9", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "| *not* | True | False |\n", - "| ----- | ----- | ----- |\n", - "| | False | True |" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "9303b3ff", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - } - }, - "source": [ - "**Conditions** \n", - "In order to control program flow, and whether or not code is executed, we can do conditions based on variable values." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "7fd769b8-28d3-416a-823f-21f7ffcceef7", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "if a:\n", - " print(\"a is True!\")\n", - "else:\n", - " print(\"a is False.\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "a0af6ea1", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "x = 5\n", - "\n", - "if x > 2:\n", - " print(\"x =\", x, \"is GREATER THAN 2\")\n", - "\n", - "if x == 3:\n", - " print(\"x =\", x, \"is EQUAL TO 3\")\n", - "\n", - "if x >= 3:\n", - " print(\"x =\", x, \"is GREATER THAN or EQUAL TO 3\")\n", - "\n", - "if x != 0:\n", - " print(\"x =\", x, \"IS NOT 0\")\n", - "\n", - "if x < 4:\n", - " print(\"x =\", x, \"is LESS THAN 4\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "3246bbe1", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "**Else/Elif** \n", - "\n", - "We may also specify either/or with `if/else`, and even add extra conditions with `elif`." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "8cab77e6", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "x = 10\n", - "\n", - "if x > 0:\n", - " print(\"x is positive\")\n", - "elif x < 0:\n", - " print(\"x is negative\")\n", - "else:\n", - " print(\"x is zero\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "8c87d3f8", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "**Repetitions** \n", - "There are a number of ways for us to repeat lines or blocks of code within our program, to do this we use `loops`:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "095edef4", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "For Each Loop: \n", - "A for each loop will execute its code for each item specified within the loop definition" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "c7dc2e03", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "animal_list = [\"Cat\", \"Dog\", \"Bird\"]\n", - "\n", - "for animal in animal_list:\n", - " print(\"Current animal is:\", animal)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "76e99a09", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - } - }, - "source": [ - "The above describes `for each animal in animal_list`." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "e5b05a2c", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "---\n", - "We are able to use a range-based for loop:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "b14f546d", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "for i in range(0, 5):\n", - " print(i * 2) # Here we are manipulating the value each time!" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "713884f6", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "for i in range(0, 10, 2): # Here we define a step of 2!\n", - " print(i)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "b3078796", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "for i in range(10, 0, -1): # Counting down from 10, in steps of 1\n", - " print(i)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "99b52e73", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "While Loop \n", - "A `while` loop will continue until the defined condition has been met, which can potentially not happen and cause an infinite loop.\n", - "\n", - "Here we are printing `n`, then incrementing it by 1, while `n` is LESS THAN 10." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "136268d9", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "n = 0\n", - "\n", - "while n < 10:\n", - " print(n)\n", - " n += 1" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "89cd06cc", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - } - }, - "source": [ - "_NOTE_: The `break` keyword can be used to stop execution of a loop. \n", - "_NOTE_: Use `ctrl+C` to break execution in your terminal if needed." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b6c7b631", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "slide" - } - }, - "source": [ - "## Functions" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "ad3766a1", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "ad3766a1", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -1721,47 +792,7 @@ "\n", "We define a function using the `def` keyword, then parenthesis, which may contain the function `parameters` or `arguments` (different terms, same thing).\n", "\n", - "_NOTE_: You should give your functions and arguments explanative names." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b83eb9fd", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "**Parameters/Arguments** \n", - "A function can receive 0 or more variables as arguments which are 'passed' through and are used during the execution of the function as required." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "25dddacf", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "**Returns** \n", - "A function may return a single variable, or variables, it may also return nothing where it is required to just execute some logic." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "aa2983d4", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ + "_NOTE_: You should give your functions and arguments explanative names.\n", "Here is a very basic example of a function:" ] }, @@ -1785,68 +816,6 @@ "print(calculated_value)" ] }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "429c78c2", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "Note that we are able to save the result of `sum_numbers`, to a variable which we have aptly named `calculated_value`, which can be reused later." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "f64d31aa", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "source": [ - "---\n", - "Here we are modifying setting a default value for our `name` argument:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "643f4038", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "" - }, - "tags": [] - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "def generate_greeting(name='Guest'):\n", - " \"\"\"\n", - " Generate the default greeting message.\n", - " Name will default to 'guest'.\n", - " \"\"\"\n", - " print(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n", - "\n", - "generate_greeting()\n", - "generate_greeting(\"User\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b07b62ef", - "metadata": { - "slideshow": { - "slide_type": "fragment" - } - }, - "source": [ - "Without specifying the `name` argument, the `generate_greeting` will use the default value specified within the function definition." - ] - }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "7e95592e", From 961222fc7969c1c1215af2b1dfa3468611eb0df2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: A Naden <46694302+a-naden@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 14:40:35 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Fixes comments left as part of PR #72. --- Intermediate.ipynb | 106 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------ Intermediate_full.ipynb | 90 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------- 2 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-) diff --git a/Intermediate.ipynb b/Intermediate.ipynb index f5c284d..f570cae 100644 --- a/Intermediate.ipynb +++ b/Intermediate.ipynb @@ -297,10 +297,38 @@ "source": [ "enrolled_students = 728\n", "welcome_message = \"Welcome!\"\n", - "---\n", + "---\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "e1bd297e", + "metadata": { + "slideshow": { + "slide_type": "fragment" + }, + "tags": [], + "editable": false + }, + "source": [ "**NOTE:** Values can be overwritten!\n", "\n", - "If we define a new `welcome_message`, it changes.\n", + "If we define a new `welcome_message`, it overwrites the first.\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "ea0415db", + "metadata": { + "slideshow": { + "slide_type": "" + }, + "tags": [] + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "welcome_message = \"A different welcome\"\n", "print(welcome_message)" ] }, @@ -370,8 +398,22 @@ "source": [ "## Comments\n", "Use # to add single line comments.\n", - "or use ''' or \"\"\" to start and end multiline comments\n.", - "to describe what your code is doing." + "or use ''' or \"\"\" to start and end multiline comments\n", + ".to describe what your code is doing." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "10c24749", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(\"This is executed\") # this comment isn't executed\n", + "'''\n", + "neither is this\n", + "'''\n", + "print(\"This is executed again\")" ] }, { @@ -810,16 +852,20 @@ { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ad3766a1", - "source": [ - "## Functions" - ], "metadata": { + "slideshow": { + "slide_type": "slide" + }, + "tags": [], "editable": false - } + }, + "source": [ + "## Functions" + ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "ad3766a1", + "id": "354a04f1", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -2899,11 +2945,11 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "dc4b7323-f4f7-4b51-b6da-f651abf5029e", "metadata": { - "editable": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" }, - "tags": [] + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, "source": [ "Modules let us:\n", @@ -3032,11 +3078,11 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "04bec6e4-8e4d-4899-a3c3-c9abd332f275", "metadata": { - "editable": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" }, - "tags": [] + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, "source": [ "## Why Namespaces Matter\n", @@ -3049,7 +3095,6 @@ "execution_count": null, "id": "4de72e4c-2795-4b4d-8542-10729a74f44a", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" }, @@ -3068,11 +3113,11 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "36f46ead-b9a1-481f-8798-edbfc58b5504", "metadata": { - "editable": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" }, - "tags": [] + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, "source": [ "Without namespaces, Python, and your reader, couldn't tell them apart." @@ -3082,11 +3127,11 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "fbf736e6-8dfb-4a00-86fb-5e71de650e9f", "metadata": { - "editable": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" }, - "tags": [] + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, "source": [ "----\n", @@ -3186,11 +3231,11 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "e34aedb6", "metadata": { - "editable": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" }, - "tags": [] + "tags": [], + "editable": false }, "source": [ "## String Methods - Working with String Objects" @@ -3200,10 +3245,10 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ffef8f84", "metadata": { - "editable": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "editable": false }, "source": [ "In Python, strings are objects, and objects have **methods** - functions that belong to and operate on that object.\n", @@ -3224,7 +3269,6 @@ "execution_count": null, "id": "d5bd4280", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" }, @@ -3274,10 +3318,10 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "a4fa9b5b", "metadata": { - "editable": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "editable": false }, "source": [ "These methods help you locate substrings within a string, returning their position or checking for their presence:\n", @@ -3431,10 +3475,10 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "80b12b8b", "metadata": { - "editable": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "editable": false }, "source": [ "These methods create modified versions of strings by replacing content, changing case, or removing unwanted characters. _**Remember**: strings are immutable, so these methods always return a new string._\n", @@ -3517,10 +3561,10 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "71a4546c", "metadata": { - "editable": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" - } + }, + "editable": false }, "source": [ "These methods allow you to break strings apart into lists of substrings, or combine lists of strings into a single string. They're particularly useful for parsing text data or formatting output:\n", @@ -4834,7 +4878,7 @@ ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { - "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)", + "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, @@ -4848,7 +4892,7 @@ "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", - "version": "3.13.0" + "version": "3.6.8" } }, "nbformat": 4, diff --git a/Intermediate_full.ipynb b/Intermediate_full.ipynb index 23d096c..1ef7dae 100644 --- a/Intermediate_full.ipynb +++ b/Intermediate_full.ipynb @@ -282,10 +282,37 @@ "source": [ "enrolled_students = 728\n", "welcome_message = \"Welcome!\"\n", - "---\n", + "---\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "e1bd297e", + "metadata": { + "slideshow": { + "slide_type": "fragment" + }, + "tags": [] + }, + "source": [ "**NOTE:** Values can be overwritten!\n", "\n", - "If we define a new `welcome_message`, it changes.\n", + "If we define a new `welcome_message`, it overwrites the first.\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "ea0415db", + "metadata": { + "slideshow": { + "slide_type": "" + }, + "tags": [] + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "welcome_message = \"A different welcome\"\n", "print(welcome_message)" ] }, @@ -321,7 +348,7 @@ "pi = 3.14159\n", "#bool - True or False\n", "event = True\n" - ] + ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", @@ -351,8 +378,31 @@ "source": [ "## Comments\n", "Use # to add single line comments.\n", - "or use ''' or \"\"\" to start and end multiline comments\n.", - "to describe what your code is doing." + "or use ''' or \"\"\" to start and end multiline comments\n", + ".to describe what your code is doing." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "id": "10c24749", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "This is executed\n", + "but this is\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print(\"This is executed\") # this comment isn't executed\n", + "'''\n", + "neither is this\n", + "'''\n", + "print(\"This is executed again\")" ] }, { @@ -709,7 +759,6 @@ "source": [ "x = 5\n", "y = 6\n", - "\n", "if ((x > 2) and (y < 12)):\n", " print(\"x =\", x, \"is GREATER THAN 2 AND y =\",y ,\"is LESS THAN 12\")\n" @@ -771,16 +820,22 @@ " n += 1" ] }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", + { + "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ad3766a1", + "metadata": { + "slideshow": { + "slide_type": "slide" + }, + "tags": [] + }, "source": [ "## Functions" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "ad3766a1", + "id": "354a04f1", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" @@ -3046,7 +3101,6 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "dc4b7323-f4f7-4b51-b6da-f651abf5029e", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" }, @@ -3177,7 +3231,6 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "04bec6e4-8e4d-4899-a3c3-c9abd332f275", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" }, @@ -3194,7 +3247,6 @@ "execution_count": null, "id": "4de72e4c-2795-4b4d-8542-10729a74f44a", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" }, @@ -3213,7 +3265,6 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "36f46ead-b9a1-481f-8798-edbfc58b5504", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" }, @@ -3227,7 +3278,6 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ccbef34a-9226-4735-859d-378640ee9cc7", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "notes" }, @@ -3242,7 +3292,6 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "fbf736e6-8dfb-4a00-86fb-5e71de650e9f", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" }, @@ -3343,7 +3392,6 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "e34aedb6", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" }, @@ -3357,7 +3405,6 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ffef8f84", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" } @@ -3381,7 +3428,6 @@ "execution_count": null, "id": "d5bd4280", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" }, @@ -3429,7 +3475,6 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "a4fa9b5b", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" } @@ -3518,7 +3563,6 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "6ac1c80f", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "notes" } @@ -3611,7 +3655,6 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "80b12b8b", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" } @@ -3696,7 +3739,6 @@ "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "71a4546c", "metadata": { - "editable": true, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "" } @@ -5210,7 +5252,7 @@ ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { - "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)", + "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, @@ -5224,7 +5266,7 @@ "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", - "version": "3.13.0" + "version": "3.6.8" } }, "nbformat": 4,