diff --git a/src/upstream/ruleset.ts b/src/upstream/ruleset.ts
index a7b36418f1..18f01a25e8 100644
--- a/src/upstream/ruleset.ts
+++ b/src/upstream/ruleset.ts
@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ async function validateRecordedGitHubIssue(repo: string, token: string, report:
     const issue = (await response.json()) as { number?: number; html_url?: string; state?: string; body?: string | null; labels?: Array<string | { name?: string }> };
     if (issue.number !== report.issueNumber || !issue.html_url || issue.state !== "open") return null;
     if (!issue.body?.includes(`gittensory-upstream-drift:${report.fingerprint}`)) return null;
-    if (!issue.labels?.some((label) => (typeof label === "string" ? label : label.name) === "signals")) return null;
+    if (!issue.labels?.some((label) => (typeof label === "string" ? label : label.name)?.toLowerCase() === "signals")) return null;
     const issueUrl = parseGitHubIssueUrl(issue.html_url);
     if (!issueUrl || issueUrl.number !== report.issueNumber) return null;
     if (issueUrl.owner.toLowerCase() !== owner.toLowerCase() || issueUrl.name.toLowerCase() !== name.toLowerCase()) return null;
diff --git a/test/unit/upstream-ruleset.test.ts b/test/unit/upstream-ruleset.test.ts
index cae6559e15..03ca0c3ae7 100644
--- a/test/unit/upstream-ruleset.test.ts
+++ b/test/unit/upstream-ruleset.test.ts
@@ -977,6 +977,19 @@ describe("upstream ruleset drift tracking", () => {
     );
     await expect(fileUpstreamDriftIssues(objectLabelLinkedEnv)).resolves.toMatchObject({ status: "completed", created: 0, updated: 1, skipped: 0 });
 
+    // GitHub labels are case-insensitive: a repo whose "signals" label is stored with different casing
+    // (e.g. "Signals") must still be recognized as the recorded drift issue, so it is updated, not duplicated.
+    const caseVariantLabelEnv = createTestEnv({ GITTENSORY_AUTO_FILE_DRIFT_ISSUES: "true", GITTENSORY_DRIFT_ISSUE_TOKEN: "token" });
+    await upsertUpstreamDriftReport(caseVariantLabelEnv, driftReport("case-variant-label-linked", { issueNumber: 139, issueUrl: "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/issues/139" }));
+    vi.stubGlobal(
+      "fetch",
+      githubIssueFetch({
+        issue: { number: 139, url: "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/issues/139", fingerprint: "case-variant-label-linked", labels: [{ name: "Signals" }] },
+        update: { number: 139, url: "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/issues/139" },
+      }),
+    );
+    await expect(fileUpstreamDriftIssues(caseVariantLabelEnv)).resolves.toMatchObject({ status: "completed", created: 0, updated: 1, skipped: 0 });
+
     const staleLinkedEnv = createTestEnv({ GITTENSORY_AUTO_FILE_DRIFT_ISSUES: "true", GITTENSORY_DRIFT_ISSUE_TOKEN: "token", GITTENSORY_DRIFT_ISSUE_REPO: "victim/current-repo" });
     await upsertUpstreamDriftReport(staleLinkedEnv, driftReport("stale-linked", { issueNumber: 123, issueUrl: "https://github.com/other-owner/old-repo/issues/123" }));
     const staleLinkedCalls: GitHubIssueFetchCall[] = [];
@@ -1012,6 +1025,7 @@ describe("upstream ruleset drift tracking", () => {
       { fingerprint: "closed-linked", issueNumber: 135, issueUrl: "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/issues/135", issue: { number: 135, url: "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/issues/135", fingerprint: "closed-linked", state: "closed" } },
       { fingerprint: "missing-body-linked", issueNumber: 136, issueUrl: "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/issues/136", issue: { number: 136, url: "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/issues/136", fingerprint: "missing-body-linked", body: null } },
       { fingerprint: "missing-label-linked", issueNumber: 137, issueUrl: "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/issues/137", issue: { number: 137, url: "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/issues/137", fingerprint: "missing-label-linked", labels: [{ name: "triage" }] } },
+      { fingerprint: "nameless-label-linked", issueNumber: 141, issueUrl: "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/issues/141", issue: { number: 141, url: "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/issues/141", fingerprint: "nameless-label-linked", labels: [{}] } },
       { fingerprint: "returned-url-linked", issueNumber: 138, issueUrl: "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/issues/138", issue: { number: 138, url: "https://github.com/other/repo/issues/138", fingerprint: "returned-url-linked" } },
     ]) {
       const rejectedLinkedEnv = createTestEnv({ GITTENSORY_AUTO_FILE_DRIFT_ISSUES: "true", GITTENSORY_DRIFT_ISSUE_TOKEN: "token" });