diff --git a/native/swift/Sources/Deview/Frame.swift b/native/swift/Sources/Deview/Frame.swift
index f5a42d1f..d674f238 100644
--- a/native/swift/Sources/Deview/Frame.swift
+++ b/native/swift/Sources/Deview/Frame.swift
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ import Foundation
 ///
 /// Copied rather than read in place, because the pointers in `DeviewScreen` are only valid for the
 /// duration of the call that carried them, and the view redraws whenever AppKit says so.
-struct Frame {
+///
+/// Equatable so a frame that changes nothing is not drawn: see `Runtime.present`.
+struct Frame: Equatable {
     var title = ""
     var subtitle = ""
     var status = ""
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ struct Frame {
     var menu: [String] = []
     var menuRow: Int32 = -1
 
-    struct Row {
+    struct Row: Equatable {
         var kind: Int32 = 0
         var lineNumber: Int32 = -1
         var text = ""
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ struct Frame {
         var selectLength: Int32 = 0
     }
 
-    struct Pane {
+    struct Pane: Equatable {
         var header = ""
         var rows: [Row] = []
 
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ struct Frame {
         var imageHeight: Int32 = 0
     }
 
-    struct QueueItem {
+    struct QueueItem: Equatable {
         var label = ""
         var selected = false
         var failed = false
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ struct Frame {
         var tooltip = ""
     }
 
-    struct Button {
+    struct Button: Equatable {
         var label = ""
         var enabled = false
     }
diff --git a/native/swift/Sources/Deview/Renderer.swift b/native/swift/Sources/Deview/Renderer.swift
index cbe753d2..42bcf8a7 100644
--- a/native/swift/Sources/Deview/Renderer.swift
+++ b/native/swift/Sources/Deview/Renderer.swift
@@ -63,6 +63,11 @@ final class Renderer {
         var image: CGImage?
         var modified: Date
         var length: UInt64
+
+        /// The picture scaled down to the device pixels it last filled. Drawing a large picture
+        /// scaled costs a resample of every source pixel, and a window showing one did that on
+        /// every redraw; this is a copy.
+        var scaled: CGImage?
     }
 
     /// One character cell. Measured from the font that was actually loaded, which is what the ABI
@@ -402,9 +407,10 @@ final class Renderer {
 
         checker(bounds, in: context)
 
+        let device = context.convertToDeviceSpace(bounds).size
         context.saveGState()
         context.interpolationQuality = .high
-        context.draw(picture, in: bounds)
+        context.draw(fitted(pane.imagePath, picture, device: device), in: bounds)
         context.restoreGState()
 
         // An outline, so a picture whose edges are the colour of the pane still has visible extent.
@@ -438,6 +444,86 @@ final class Renderer {
         }
     }
 
+    /// `picture` scaled down to `device` pixels, kept until the size or the picture changes, or
+    /// `picture` itself where it is not being scaled down: drawing at or above its own size costs
+    /// little, and drawing the original there leaves what a capture shows exactly as it was.
+    private func fitted(_ path: String, _ picture: CGImage, device: CGSize) -> CGImage {
+        let width = Int(abs(device.width).rounded())
+        let height = Int(abs(device.height).rounded())
+        guard width > 0,
+              height > 0,
+              width < picture.width || height < picture.height
+        else {
+            return picture
+        }
+
+        if let scaled = pictures[path]?.scaled,
+           scaled.width == width,
+           scaled.height == height {
+            return scaled
+        }
+
+        guard let space = CGColorSpace(name: CGColorSpace.sRGB),
+              let bitmap = CGContext(
+                  data: nil,
+                  width: width,
+                  height: height,
+                  bitsPerComponent: 8,
+                  bytesPerRow: 0,
+                  space: space,
+                  bitmapInfo: CGImageAlphaInfo.premultipliedFirst.rawValue | CGBitmapInfo.byteOrder32Little.rawValue)
+        else {
+            return picture
+        }
+
+        bitmap.interpolationQuality = .high
+        bitmap.draw(picture, in: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: width, height: height))
+        guard let scaled = bitmap.makeImage() else {
+            return picture
+        }
+
+        pictures[path]?.scaled = scaled
+        return scaled
+    }
+
+    /// Whether a picture `frame` shows is not the one last drawn: its file was rewritten, has
+    /// appeared, or has gone. `Runtime.present` redraws on this as well as on a changed frame,
+    /// since a re-run can rewrite a received image with the same size and dimensions, which is an
+    /// identical frame.
+    func picturesChanged(_ frame: Frame) -> Bool {
+        for pane in [frame.left, frame.right] {
+            guard !pane.imagePath.isEmpty,
+                  pane.imageWidth > 0,
+                  pane.imageHeight > 0
+            else {
+                continue
+            }
+
+            let cached = pictures[pane.imagePath]
+            let attributes = try? FileManager.default.attributesOfItem(atPath: pane.imagePath)
+            guard let modified = attributes?[.modificationDate] as? Date,
+                  let length = attributes?[.size] as? UInt64
+            else {
+                // Gone: worth a redraw only to take away what was drawn
+                if cached != nil {
+                    return true
+                }
+
+                continue
+            }
+
+            guard let cached else {
+                return true
+            }
+
+            if cached.modified != modified || cached.length != length {
+                return true
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false
+    }
+
     private func picture(_ path: String) -> CGImage? {
         guard let attributes = try? FileManager.default.attributesOfItem(atPath: path),
               let modified = attributes[.modificationDate] as? Date,
diff --git a/native/swift/Sources/Deview/Runtime.swift b/native/swift/Sources/Deview/Runtime.swift
index 5df94017..c84ffbdb 100644
--- a/native/swift/Sources/Deview/Runtime.swift
+++ b/native/swift/Sources/Deview/Runtime.swift
@@ -139,8 +139,17 @@ final class Runtime {
             return
         }
 
-        view.model = frame
-        view.needsDisplay = true
+        // Drawn only when there is something new to draw. The managed loop presents at 60 fps
+        // whether or not anything changed, and redrawing the whole window every time kept a core
+        // busy for a viewer nobody was touching. What is on screen is the frame plus the pictures
+        // it names, whose files can be rewritten under an unchanged frame. Anything else - a
+        // resize, a splitter drag, a move to a display of another scale - is invalidated by
+        // AppKit or by the view as it happens.
+        if view.model != frame || renderer?.picturesChanged(frame) == true {
+            view.model = frame
+            view.needsDisplay = true
+        }
+
         view.displayIfNeeded()
         // After drawing, because both read where the last frame put the queue rows.
         view.refreshToolTips()
diff --git a/native/swift/Sources/Deview/ViewerView.swift b/native/swift/Sources/Deview/ViewerView.swift
index d060f3f2..f234230f 100644
--- a/native/swift/Sources/Deview/ViewerView.swift
+++ b/native/swift/Sources/Deview/ViewerView.swift
@@ -37,6 +37,13 @@ final class ViewerView: NSView, NSViewToolTipOwner {
 
     override var acceptsFirstResponder: Bool { true }
 
+    /// A move to a display of another scale changes the device pixels a picture fills, and so
+    /// the scaled copy the renderer keeps of it, under a frame that has not changed.
+    override func viewDidChangeBackingProperties() {
+        super.viewDidChangeBackingProperties()
+        needsDisplay = true
+    }
+
     override func draw(_ dirtyRect: NSRect) {
         guard let context = NSGraphicsContext.current?.cgContext else {
             return
diff --git a/src/DiffEngineViewer.Mac/runtimes/osx-arm64/native/libdiffengine_viewer.dylib b/src/DiffEngineViewer.Mac/runtimes/osx-arm64/native/libdiffengine_viewer.dylib
index bda1104e..7a4b62de 100644
Binary files a/src/DiffEngineViewer.Mac/runtimes/osx-arm64/native/libdiffengine_viewer.dylib and b/src/DiffEngineViewer.Mac/runtimes/osx-arm64/native/libdiffengine_viewer.dylib differ
diff --git a/src/DiffEngineViewer.Mac/runtimes/osx-x64/native/libdiffengine_viewer.dylib b/src/DiffEngineViewer.Mac/runtimes/osx-x64/native/libdiffengine_viewer.dylib
index bda1104e..7a4b62de 100644
Binary files a/src/DiffEngineViewer.Mac/runtimes/osx-x64/native/libdiffengine_viewer.dylib and b/src/DiffEngineViewer.Mac/runtimes/osx-x64/native/libdiffengine_viewer.dylib differ
diff --git a/todo.md b/todo.md
index 8bf0a0d7..2b01505c 100644
--- a/todo.md
+++ b/todo.md
@@ -23,8 +23,3 @@ Native
 - [ ] **macOS App Nap can stall the loop while the window is covered** (cannot verify here)
   - Nothing opts out (no `beginActivity`, `NSAppSleepDisabled` or power assertion), the only wait is `nextEvent(until: now + 1/60)` (`Runtime.swift:248-253`), and a Focus queued by an arriving patch waits for the next managed frame.
   - Check on a Mac: cover the viewer for a minute, confirm Activity Monitor shows App Nap, then time how long a failing inline test takes to bring it forward against an uncovered window.
-
-
-## Perf
-
-- [ ] macOS repaints the whole window every frame (`native/swift/Sources/Deview/Runtime.swift:139-140`). Redraw only when the frame, bounds or a picture stamp change, and cache scaled pictures.