diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index bd62843..8fe4ddc 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@ Format basiert auf [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/de/1.1.0/).
 ## [Unreleased]
 
 ### Behoben / Fixed
+- Der PDF-Export lehnt das aktive Markdown-Original und dessen Pfad- oder
+  Datei-Aliase als Ziel ab. Eine erneute Prüfung vor der Veröffentlichung
+  schützt auch während des Druckens neu entstandene Verknüpfungen. Bei einem
+  Wechsel der aktiven Datei bleiben beide Originalpfade geschützt.
+- PDF export rejects the original Markdown document and its aliases as a
+  destination, checking again before publication. Confirmed replacement of
+  an ordinary PDF remains supported.
 - Bestehende Markdown-Dokumente werden über `QSaveFile` atomar gespeichert.
   Teil-Schreibfehler und fehlgeschlagene Ersetzungen erhalten das bisherige
   Dokument und den ungespeicherten Editorzustand. UTF-8 und die bisherigen
diff --git a/main.py b/main.py
index 3da4dbd..622f478 100644
--- a/main.py
+++ b/main.py
@@ -1669,6 +1669,19 @@ def _create_pdf_printer() -> QPrinter:
             pass
         return QPrinter(QPrinter.PrinterMode.HighResolution)
 
+    def _check_pdf_original(self, target: Path, original: Path | None) -> None:
+        for source in dict.fromkeys((original, self.current_file)):
+            if source is None:
+                continue
+            if target.resolve() == source.resolve():
+                raise OSError("PDF destination is an active Markdown document")
+            try:
+                same_file = target.samefile(source)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                same_file = False
+            if same_file:
+                raise OSError("PDF destination aliases an active Markdown document")
+
     def export_pdf(self) -> None:
         auto_saved_path: Path | None = None
         if self.current_file is None and not self._is_blank_untitled_document():
@@ -1683,6 +1696,7 @@ def export_pdf(self) -> None:
             self.is_modified = False
             self._update_window_title()
 
+        original = self.current_file
         target = self._suggested_export_path()
         if self.settings.export_confirm:
             file_name, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self, self.t("export_title"), str(target), "PDF Files (*.pdf)")
@@ -1697,6 +1711,7 @@ def export_pdf(self) -> None:
             target = Path(file_name)
 
         try:
+            self._check_pdf_original(target, original)
             target.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
             with TemporaryDirectory(prefix=".cleanmarkdown-pdf-", dir=target.parent) as export_dir:
                 temporary_pdf = Path(export_dir) / "export.pdf"
@@ -1721,6 +1736,7 @@ def export_pdf(self) -> None:
                     trailer = output.read().rstrip()
                 if header != b"%PDF-" or not trailer.endswith(b"%%EOF"):
                     raise OSError("Missing or incomplete PDF output")
+                self._check_pdf_original(target, original)
                 os.replace(temporary_pdf, target)
         except Exception:
             QMessageBox.critical(self, self.t("error"), self.t("cannot_export"))
diff --git a/tests/test_pdf_original_protection.py b/tests/test_pdf_original_protection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a01ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_pdf_original_protection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+os.environ.setdefault('QT_QPA_PLATFORM', 'offscreen')
+import main
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('alias', ['direct', 'relative', 'hardlink', 'late-hardlink', 'source-change', 'symlink'])
+def test_pdf_export_preserves_active_markdown(tmp_path, monkeypatch, alias):
+    monkeypatch.setenv('APPDATA', str(tmp_path / 'appdata'))
+    app = main.QApplication.instance() or main.QApplication([])
+    window = main.MainWindow()
+    source = tmp_path / 'original.md'
+    original = '# Bücher\n\nUnersetzbares Original.'.encode('utf-8')
+    source.write_bytes(original)
+    window.load_file(source)
+    target = source if alias in ('direct', 'source-change') else tmp_path / 'chosen.pdf'
+    if alias == 'relative':
+        (tmp_path / 'sub').mkdir()
+        target = tmp_path / 'sub' / '..' / source.name
+    if alias == 'hardlink':
+        os.link(source, target)
+    if alias == 'symlink':
+        try:
+            target.symlink_to(source)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            if getattr(exc, 'winerror', None) != 1314:
+                raise
+            window.is_modified = False
+            window.close()
+            pytest.skip('Windows account lacks symbolic-link creation privilege')
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main.QFileDialog, 'getSaveFileName', lambda *args: (str(target), ''))
+    errors = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main.QMessageBox, 'critical', lambda *args: errors.append(args))
+    if alias == 'source-change':
+        # Change GUI state during the save dialog: the original chosen at
+        # export start must remain protected as well as the current file.
+        replacement = tmp_path / 'replacement.md'
+        replacement.write_text('# Replacement', encoding='utf-8')
+        def choose(*args):
+            window.current_file = replacement
+            return str(target), ''
+        monkeypatch.setattr(main.QFileDialog, 'getSaveFileName', choose)
+    if alias == 'late-hardlink':
+        real_build = window._build_export_document
+        def build():
+            document = real_build()
+            class Document:
+                def print_(self, printer):
+                    document.print_(printer)
+                    os.link(source, target)
+            return Document()
+        monkeypatch.setattr(window, '_build_export_document', build)
+    window.settings.export_confirm = True
+    try:
+        window.export_pdf()
+        assert source.read_bytes() == original
+        assert target.read_bytes() == original
+        assert len(errors) == 1
+        assert window.statusBar().currentMessage() == window.t('cannot_export')
+    finally:
+        window.is_modified = False
+        window.close()
+        app.processEvents()
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('stat_error', [False, True])
+def test_pdf_export_normal_target_and_stat_error(tmp_path, monkeypatch, stat_error):
+    monkeypatch.setenv('APPDATA', str(tmp_path / 'appdata'))
+    app = main.QApplication.instance() or main.QApplication([])
+    window = main.MainWindow()
+    source = tmp_path / 'source.md'
+    original = '# Prüfung\n\nBücher bleiben erhalten.'.encode('utf-8')
+    source.write_bytes(original)
+    window.load_file(source)
+    target = tmp_path / 'report.pdf'
+    target.write_bytes(b'previous PDF')
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main.QFileDialog, 'getSaveFileName', lambda *args: (str(target), ''))
+    errors = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main.QMessageBox, 'critical', lambda *args: errors.append(args))
+    if stat_error:
+        original_samefile = Path.samefile
+        def samefile(path, other):
+            if path == target:
+                raise PermissionError('Cannot establish target identity')
+            return original_samefile(path, other)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, 'samefile', samefile)
+    window.settings.export_confirm = True
+    try:
+        window.export_pdf()
+        assert source.read_bytes() == original
+        if stat_error:
+            assert errors
+            assert target.read_bytes() == b'previous PDF'
+            assert window.statusBar().currentMessage() == window.t('cannot_export')
+        else:
+            assert not errors
+            assert target.read_bytes().startswith(b'%PDF-')
+            assert window.t('exported') in window.statusBar().currentMessage()
+        assert not list(tmp_path.glob('.cleanmarkdown-pdf-*'))
+    finally:
+        window.is_modified = False
+        window.close()
+        app.processEvents()
+