ASCS-eV · jdsika · Sep 26, 2026
diff --git a/.../src/docs/asciidoc/targets/ontology/UML_to_RDF_OWL_based_on_ISO_IS_19150_2.adoc b/.../src/docs/asciidoc/targets/ontology/UML_to_RDF_OWL_based_on_ISO_IS_19150_2.adoc
@@ -377,6 +377,22 @@ This rule implements the conversion of enumerations as defined by ISO
 The enumeration corresponds to an RDFS datatype that specifies the
 restricted list of literals using an owl:oneOf declaration.
 
+By default, the owl:oneOf declaration is added to the named RDFS
+datatype itself. The OWL 2 mapping to RDF does not read this as an
+enumeration of literals: an OWL 2 datatype is given a value space by a
+datatype definition, which in RDF is an owl:equivalentClass from the
+named datatype to an anonymous data range (see the
+https://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-mapping-to-rdf/#Translation_of_Axioms_without_Annotations[OWL 2 Mapping to RDF Graphs, Section 2.1, Table 1]).
+With target parameter
+xref:./UML_to_RDF_OWL_based_on_ISO_IS_19150_2.adoc#iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition[_iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition_]
+set to _true_, the enumeration is encoded in this form:
+
+[source,turtle,linenumbers]
+----------
+ex:Colour a rdfs:Datatype ;
+    owl:equivalentClass [ a rdfs:Datatype ; owl:oneOf ( "red" "green" ) ] .
+----------
+
 [[rule-owl-cls-iso191502IsAbstract]]
 ==== rule-owl-cls-iso191502IsAbstract
 
@@ -1119,6 +1135,44 @@ Applies to Rule(s):
 
 _none_ - this is a common target parameter
 
+[[iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition]]
+==== iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition
+
+(since v4.1.0)
+
+Type: Boolean
+
+Default Value: _false_
+
+Explanation:
+
+If _true_, an enumeration is encoded as an OWL 2 datatype definition
+(https://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-syntax/#Datatype_Definitions[OWL 2
+Structural Specification, Section 9.4]): the named RDFS datatype is
+owl:equivalentClass to an anonymous RDFS datatype, which carries the
+owl:oneOf list of the enumeration's literals. OWL 2 tools then see the
+enumeration as `DatatypeDefinition( DT DataOneOf( ... ) )`, as OWL 2 DL
+requires of a datatype that is not built in
+(https://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-syntax/#The_Restrictions_on_the_Axiom_Closure[OWL
+2 Structural Specification, Section 11.2]). By default, the owl:oneOf
+list is added to the named datatype itself, which the OWL API, for
+example, reads as an empty enumeration of individuals.
+
+This does not hold if a stereotype or type conversion parameter adds
+rdfs:subClassOf to the enumeration. OWL 2 has no subclass relation
+between datatypes, so the datatype is then also used as a class, and
+the OWL API, for example, again reads an empty enumeration of
+individuals.
+
+An enumeration without any literals is encoded as a named RDFS datatype
+without a definition, whether or not this parameter is set, because
+DataOneOf needs at least one literal. Such a datatype is not valid in
+OWL 2 DL.
+
+Applies to Rule(s):
+
+* xref:./UML_to_RDF_OWL_based_on_ISO_IS_19150_2.adoc#rule-owl-cls-iso191502Enumeration[rule-owl-cls-iso191502Enumeration]
+
 [[language]]
 ==== language
 

diff --git a/...ntegrationtests/owl/iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition/reference/owl/INPUT/test.ttl b/...ntegrationtests/owl/iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition/reference/owl/INPUT/test.ttl
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+@prefix ex:   <http://example.org/ontology/test#> .
+@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
+@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+
+ex:Road.name  rdf:type  owl:DatatypeProperty;
+        rdfs:domain  ex:Road;
+        rdfs:range   xsd:string .
+
+ex:Road  rdf:type        owl:Class;
+        rdfs:subClassOf  [ rdf:type                  owl:Restriction;
+                           owl:onDataRange           ex:ExampleEnumeration;
+                           owl:onProperty            ex:Road.surface;
+                           owl:qualifiedCardinality  "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger
+                         ];
+        rdfs:subClassOf  [ rdf:type                  owl:Restriction;
+                           owl:onDataRange           xsd:string;
+                           owl:onProperty            ex:Road.name;
+                           owl:qualifiedCardinality  "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger
+                         ];
+        rdfs:subClassOf  [ rdf:type                  owl:Restriction;
+                           owl:onClass               ex:ExampleCodeList;
+                           owl:onProperty            ex:Road.category;
+                           owl:qualifiedCardinality  "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger
+                         ] .
+
+ex:Road.category  rdf:type  owl:ObjectProperty;
+        rdfs:domain  ex:Road;
+        rdfs:range   ex:ExampleCodeList .
+
+ex:ExampleCodeList  rdf:type  owl:Class;
+        rdfs:subClassOf  skos:Concept .
+
+ex:ExampleEnumeration
+        rdf:type             rdfs:Datatype;
+        owl:equivalentClass  [ rdf:type   rdfs:Datatype;
+                               owl:oneOf  ( "alpha" "beta" "gamma" )
+                             ] .
+
+ex:Road.surface  rdf:type  owl:DatatypeProperty;
+        rdfs:domain  ex:Road;
+        rdfs:range   ex:ExampleEnumeration .
+
+<http://example.org/ontology/test>
+        rdf:type  owl:Ontology .
diff --git a/...tiontests/owl/iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition/reference/owl/INPUT/test_codes.ttl b/...tiontests/owl/iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition/reference/owl/INPUT/test_codes.ttl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+@prefix dct:    <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
+@prefix ex:     <http://example.org/ontology/test#> .
+@prefix excode: <http://example.org/ontology/test/code#> .
+@prefix owl:    <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdf:    <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix rdfs:   <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix skos:   <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
+@prefix xsd:    <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+
+<http://example.org/ontology/test/code>
+        rdf:type  owl:Ontology .
+
+excode:ExampleCodeList
+        rdf:type        skos:ConceptScheme;
+        dct:isFormatOf  ex:ExampleCodeList .
+
+<http://example.org/ontology/test/code#ExampleCodeList/codeOne>
+        rdf:type       ex:ExampleCodeList;
+        skos:inScheme  excode:ExampleCodeList .
+
+<http://example.org/ontology/test/code#ExampleCodeList/codeTwo>
+        rdf:type       ex:ExampleCodeList;
+        skos:inScheme  excode:ExampleCodeList .
diff --git a/...02EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition/testEA_owl_iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition.xml b/...02EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition/testEA_owl_iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><ShapeChangeConfiguration xmlns="http://www.interactive-instruments.de/ShapeChange/Configuration/1.1" xmlns:sc="http://www.interactive-instruments.de/ShapeChange/Configuration/1.1" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.interactive-instruments.de/ShapeChange/Configuration/1.1 ../../../../sc-resources/schema/ShapeChangeConfiguration.xsd">
+	<input id="INPUT">
+		<parameter name="inputModelType" value="EA7"/>
+		<parameter name="inputFile" value="src/integrationtests/owl/enumerationDatatypeProperty/test_enumerationDatatypeProperty.qea"/>
+		<parameter name="appSchemaName" value="Test Schema"/>
+		<parameter name="publicOnly" value="true"/>
+		<parameter name="checkingConstraints" value="disabled"/>
+		<parameter name="sortedSchemaOutput" value="true"/>
+		<stereotypeAliases xmlns="http://www.interactive-instruments.de/ShapeChange/Configuration/1.1">
+
+
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="applicationSchema" wellknown="Application Schema"/>
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="requirementsClass" wellknown="Application Schema"/>
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="bundle" wellknown=""/>	
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="leaf" wellknown=""/>
+
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="abstract" wellknown=""/>
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="conceptScheme" wellknown="CodeList"/>
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="vocabulary" wellknown="CodeList"/>
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="request" wellknown="DataType"/>
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="response" wellknown="DataType"/>
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="feature" wellknown="FeatureType"/>	
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="interface" wellknown="Type"/>
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="attributeValueConcept" wellknown="valueConcept"/>
+
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="property" wellknown=""/>
+	<StereotypeAlias alias="enum" wellknown=""/>
+</stereotypeAliases>
+	</input>
+	<log>
+		<parameter name="reportLevel" value="INFO"/>
+		<parameter name="logFile" value="testResults/owl/iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition/log.xml"/>
+	</log>
+	<targets>
+		<TargetOwl class="de.interactive_instruments.shapechange.core.target.ontology.OWLISO19150" inputs="INPUT" mode="enabled">
+			<targetParameter name="outputDirectory" value="testResults/owl/iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition/owl"/>
+			<targetParameter name="outputFormat" value="turtle"/>
+			<targetParameter name="sortedOutput" value="true"/>
+			<targetParameter name="defaultEncodingRule" value="MyRule"/>
+			<targetParameter name="language" value="en"/>
+			<targetParameter name="defaultTypeImplementation" value="owl:Class"/>
+			<targetParameter name="ontologyNameCode" value="test"/>
+			<targetParameter name="source" value="Test ontology"/>
+			<targetParameter name="URIbase" value="http://example.org/ontology"/>
+			<targetParameter name="iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition" value="true"/>
+
+			<rdfMapEntries xmlns="http://www.interactive-instruments.de/ShapeChange/Configuration/1.1" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
+  <rdfMapEntries xmlns="http://www.interactive-instruments.de/ShapeChange/Configuration/1.1">
+
+
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:string" targetType="datatype" type="CharacterString"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:date" targetType="datatype" type="Date"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:dateTime" targetType="datatype" type="DateTime"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:integer" targetType="datatype" type="Integer"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:double" targetType="datatype" type="Decimal"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:double" targetType="datatype" type="Real"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:boolean" targetType="datatype" type="Boolean"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:Name" targetType="datatype" type="GenericName"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:NCName" targetType="datatype" type="LocalName"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="rdfs:Resource" type="ScopedName"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:NCName" targetType="datatype" type="TypeName"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:Name" targetType="datatype" type="MemberName"/>
+
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:string" targetType="datatype" type="Character"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:double" targetType="datatype" type="Number"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:time" targetType="datatype" type="ClockTime"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:boolean" targetType="datatype" type="Bit"/>
+
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:anyURI" targetType="datatype" type="URI"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="xsd:time" targetType="datatype" type="Time"/>
+
+
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="sc:Measure" targetType="datatype" type="Measure"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="sc:Measure" targetType="datatype" type="Length"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="sc:Measure" targetType="datatype" type="Distance"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="sc:Measure" targetType="datatype" type="Area"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="sc:Measure" targetType="datatype" type="Volume"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="sc:Measure" targetType="datatype" type="Velocity"/>
+
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="owl:Class" targetType="class" type="Any"/>
+
+
+</rdfMapEntries>
+  <rdfMapEntries xmlns="http://www.interactive-instruments.de/ShapeChange/Configuration/1.1">
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="sc:Sign" targetType="datatype" type="Sign"/>
+
+</rdfMapEntries>
+  <rdfMapEntries xmlns="http://www.interactive-instruments.de/ShapeChange/Configuration/1.1">
+
+ <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="DirectPosition"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_Object"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_Point"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_Curve"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_Surface"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_Solid"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_MultiPoint"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_MultiCurve"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_MultiSurface"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_MultiSolid"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_Aggregate"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_CompositePoint"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_CompositeCurve"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_CompositeSurface"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_CompositeSolid"/>
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Geometry" type="GM_Complex"/>
+
+
+
+
+</rdfMapEntries>
+  <rdfMapEntries xmlns="http://www.interactive-instruments.de/ShapeChange/Configuration/1.1">
+
+</rdfMapEntries>
+  <rdfMapEntries xmlns="http://www.interactive-instruments.de/ShapeChange/Configuration/1.1">
+  <RdfTypeMapEntry target="gsp:Feature" type="GFI_Feature"/>
+
+</rdfMapEntries>
+
+</rdfMapEntries>
+			<namespaces xmlns="http://www.interactive-instruments.de/ShapeChange/Configuration/1.1">
+	<Namespace ns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" nsabr="xsd"/>
+	<Namespace ns="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" nsabr="rdf"/>
+	<Namespace ns="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" nsabr="rdfs"/>
+	<Namespace ns="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" nsabr="owl"/>
+	<Namespace ns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" nsabr="dc"/>
+	<Namespace location="https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat.ttl" ns="http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#" nsabr="dcat"/>
+	<Namespace ns="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#" nsabr="prov"/>
+	<Namespace location="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core" ns="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" nsabr="skos"/>
+	<Namespace location="http://def.isotc211.org/iso19150/-2/2012/base" ns="http://def.isotc211.org/iso19150/-2/2012/base#" nsabr="iso19150-2"/>
+	<Namespace location="http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql" ns="http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#" nsabr="gsp"/>
+	<Namespace location="http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf" ns="http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#" nsabr="sfowl"/>
+	<Namespace location="http://www.opengis.net/ont/gml" ns="http://www.opengis.net/ont/gml#" nsabr="gmlowl"/>
+	<Namespace location="http://shapechange.net/resources/ont/base" ns="http://shapechange.net/resources/ont/base#" nsabr="sc"/>
+	<Namespace location="http://def.isotc211.org/iso19109/2013/GeneralFeatureModel" ns="http://def.isotc211.org/iso19109/2013/GeneralFeatureModel#" nsabr="gfm"/>
+	<Namespace location="https://www.w3.org/ns/locn.ttl" ns="https://www.w3.org/ns/locn#" nsabr="locn"/>
+	<Namespace location="www.w3.org/2006/time" ns="http://www.w3.org/2006/time#" nsabr="time"/>
+</namespaces>
+
+			<rules>
+				<EncodingRule extends="*" name="MyRule">
+					<rule name="rule-owl-pkg-singleOntologyPerSchema"/>
+					<rule name="rule-owl-pkg-ontologyName-code"/>
+					<rule name="rule-owl-cls-encode-featuretypes"/>
+					<!-- with iso191502EnumerationAsDatatypeDefinition, encodes an enumeration as a named
+						rdfs:Datatype that is owl:equivalentClass to an anonymous rdfs:Datatype with owl:oneOf
+						over its literals -->
+					<rule name="rule-owl-cls-iso191502Enumeration"/>
+					<!-- the control: a code list keeps individuals, so its properties stay object properties -->
+					<rule name="rule-owl-cls-codelist-19150-2"/>
+					<rule name="rule-owl-prop-general"/>
+					<rule name="rule-owl-prop-range-global"/>
+					<rule name="rule-owl-prop-multiplicityAsQualifiedCardinalityRestriction"/>
+				</EncodingRule>
+			</rules>
+		</TargetOwl>
+	</targets>
+</ShapeChangeConfiguration>