fix(rdf): keep string-derived xsd:anyURI types as typed literals

[jdsika]

Summary

Fixes # — no issue covers this. Related: linkml#3221 (IRI nodes for uri in the dumper and gen-shacl), linkml#3292 (--xsd-anyuri-as-iri for gen-owl and gen-jsonld-context).

A schema can hold a URI either as a link to a resource or as data. A link is an IRI node. A URI reference held as data — a file path such as ./data/file.png, which may be relative — has to stay a literal: as an IRI, JSON-LD resolves it against the document base and it becomes a machine-specific file:///home/<user>/... IRI.

The way to declare the second is a type derived from string with uri: xsd:anyURI. gen-owl already decides by type ancestry (is_xsd_anyuri_range): only uri, uriorcurie and the types derived from them are promoted to IRIs by --xsd-anyuri-as-iri. The other three RDF components keyed on the xsd:anyURI datatype, so such a type came out differently in each:

	before	after
gen-owl	owl:DatatypeProperty, range xsd:anyURI	unchanged
gen-shacl	sh:nodeKind sh:IRI	sh:nodeKind sh:Literal, sh:datatype xsd:anyURI
gen-jsonld-context --xsd-anyuri-as-iri	"@type": "@id"	"@type": "xsd:anyURI"
RDF dumper	URIRef	Literal(..., datatype=xsd:anyURI)

All three now use the predicate gen-owl uses, for single ranges and any_of branches. uri, uriorcurie and their derived types behave exactly as before.

The dumper also resolved the type without inheritance (get_type), so a type derived from uri that declares no datatype of its own was dumped as a plain literal with a warning. It now uses induced_type, as the generators do, and that type is an IRI node.

How was this tested?

• New tests/linkml/test_generators/test_anyuri_literal_types.py checks one schema with uri, a typeof: uri type and a typeof: string, uri: xsd:anyURI type across all four components: context with and without the flag, an any_of mixing a class with each, SHACL node kind and datatype, OWL property type with and without the flag, and the dumper's terms for an instance.
• test_jsonldcontextgen.py, test_shaclgen.py, test_shaclgen_naming.py, shacl/, test_owlgen.py, test_pythongen.py — 294 passed, 3 skipped, 3 xfailed.
• pytest tests/linkml_runtime — 1824 passed, 323 skipped, 2 xfailed, identical before and after the dumper change.
• ruff check and ruff format --check (0.11.13) clean.

Areas of uncertainty

• Behaviour change for string-derived xsd:anyURI types in gen-shacl and the dumper. A schema that relied on such a type being an IRI should derive it from uri instead, which states that intent. I found none in the test suite.
• --xsd-anyuri-as-iri for gen-shacl. Not added: gen-shacl already emits IRIs for uri/uriorcurie, so the remaining divergence is only gen-owl's and the context's default, which the flag addresses.

Checklist

• My code follows the contributor guidelines
• I have added tests that prove my fix/feature works
• Existing tests pass locally with my changes

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