[java] Add regression coverage for relative locators on collapsed table borders (#13642)

java/test/org/openqa/selenium/environment/BUILD.bazel

@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ java_test_suite(
     deps = [
         ":environment",
         ":test-base",
+        artifact("org.assertj:assertj-core"),
         artifact("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api"),
         artifact("org.jspecify:jspecify"),
     ] + firefox["deps"] + JUNIT5_DEPS,

java/test/org/openqa/selenium/environment/webserver/Page.java

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ public class Page {
   private String[] bodyParts = {};
   private @Nullable String onLoad;
   private @Nullable String onBeforeUnload;
+  private boolean doctype = false;
 
   public Page withTitle(String title) {
     this.title = title;
@@ -58,7 +59,44 @@ public Page withOnBeforeUnload(String onBeforeUnload) {
     return this;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Opt-in to a standards-mode document shape: a leading {@code <!DOCTYPE html>} and the {@code
+   * <script>}/{@code <style>} blocks moved inside {@code <head>}, instead of after it closes.
+   * Layout-sensitive tests should use this to get deterministic parsing/quirks-mode behavior;
+   * default output is unchanged for backward compatibility with existing callers.
+   */
+  public Page withDoctype() {
+    this.doctype = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+
   public String toString() {
+    String body =
+        String.format(
+            "<body %s %s>",
+            onLoad == null ? "" : String.format("onload='%s'", onLoad),
+            onBeforeUnload == null ? "" : String.format("onbeforeunload='%s'", onBeforeUnload));
+
+    if (doctype) {
+      return String.join(
+          "\n",
+          "<!DOCTYPE html>",
+          "<html>",
+          "<head>",
+          String.format("<title>%s</title>", title),
+          "<script type='text/javascript'>",
+          String.join("\n", scripts),
+          "</script>",
+          "<style>",
+          String.join("\n", styles),
+          "</style>",
+          "</head>",
+          body,
+          String.join("\n", bodyParts),
+          "</body>",
+          "</html>");
+    }
+
     return String.join(
         "\n",
         "<html>",
@@ -71,10 +109,7 @@ public String toString() {
         "<style>",
         String.join("\n", styles),
         "</style>",
-        String.format(
-            "<body %s %s>",
-            onLoad == null ? "" : String.format("onload='%s'", onLoad),
-            onBeforeUnload == null ? "" : String.format("onbeforeunload='%s'", onBeforeUnload)),
+        body,
         String.join("\n", bodyParts),
         "</body>",
         "</html>");

java/test/org/openqa/selenium/environment/webserver/PageTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The SFC licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.openqa.selenium.environment.webserver;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class PageTest {
+
+  @Test
+  void defaultToStringHasNoDoctypeAndMatchesLegacyShape() {
+    String page =
+        new Page().withTitle("Legacy").withScripts("var a = 1;").withStyles("body { }").toString();
+
+    // No doctype: default output stays in quirks mode for backward compatibility.
+    assertThat(page).doesNotContain("<!DOCTYPE");
+
+    // Legacy shape/ordering contract: <script>/<style> sit after </head> closes, not inside it.
+    // containsSubsequence asserts presence AND order together, so a missing "</head>" fails here
+    // instead of silently passing the way raw indexOf().isLessThan() would (both return -1).
+    assertThat(page).containsSubsequence("</head>", "<script");
+    assertThat(page).containsSubsequence("</head>", "<style");
+
+    // Key content is still present, in the expected tag order, without pinning incidental
+    // whitespace (e.g. the exact "<body  >" spacing or the blank line for an empty body).
+    assertThat(page)
+        .contains("<title>Legacy</title>")
+        .contains("var a = 1;")
+        .contains("body { }")
+        .contains("<body")
+        .contains("</body>")
+        .contains("</html>");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void withDoctypeEmitsStandardsModeShapeWithScriptAndStyleInsideHead() {
+    String page =
+        new Page()
+            .withDoctype()
+            .withTitle("Standards")
+            .withScripts("var a = 1;")
+            .withStyles("body { }")
+            .toString();
+
+    assertThat(page).startsWith("<!DOCTYPE html>");
+    assertThat(page.indexOf("</style>")).isLessThan(page.indexOf("</head>"));
+    assertThat(page.indexOf("</script>")).isLessThan(page.indexOf("</head>"));
+  }
+}

java/test/org/openqa/selenium/support/locators/RelativeLocatorTest.java

@@ -367,4 +367,42 @@ void nearLocatorShouldNotFindFarElements() {
         .isThrownBy(() -> driver.findElement(with(By.id("rect4")).near(rect)))
         .withMessageContaining("Cannot locate an element using");
   }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldFindCellThatSharesACollapsedBorderWithTheAnchorCell() {
+    String url =
+        appServer.create(
+            new Page()
+                .withDoctype()
+                .withTitle("Collapsed Borders")
+                .withStyles(
+                    " table {\n"
+                        + "      border-collapse: collapse;\n"
+                        + "      table-layout: fixed;\n"
+                        + "      width: 450px;\n"
+                        + "    }\n"
+                        + "    td, th {\n"
+                        + "      border: 1px solid black;\n"
+                        + "      box-sizing: border-box;\n"
+                        + "      width: 150px;\n"
+                        + "      height: 40px;\n"
+                        + "      padding: 4px;\n"
+                        + "    }")
+                .withBody(
+                    "<table>\n"
+                        + "    <tr><th id=\"company\">Company</th><th"
+                        + " id=\"contact\">Contact</th><th id=\"country\">Country</th></tr>\n"
+                        + "    <tr><td id=\"alfreds\">Alfreds Futterkiste</td><td"
+                        + " id=\"maria\">Maria Anders</td><td id=\"germany\">Germany</td></tr>\n"
+                        + "    <tr><td id=\"centro\">Centro comercial Moctezuma</td><td"
+                        + " id=\"francisco\">Francisco Chang</td><td"
+                        + " id=\"mexico\">Mexico</td></tr>\n"
+                        + "  </table>"));
+    driver.get(url);
+
+    WebElement cell =
+        driver.findElement(with(tagName("td")).toRightOf(By.id("alfreds")).below(By.id("contact")));
+
+    assertThat(cell.getAttribute("id")).isEqualTo("maria");
+  }
 }