Learning Python 🐍

Welcome to my Python learning repository! This project serves as a step-by-step guide to mastering Python, starting from core mechanics to standard features, iteration protocols, functions, scopes, and hands-on problem sets.

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📚 Study Plan & Repo Structure

Here is the index of all chapters, deep-dive guides, and practice problem sets in this repository:

1️⃣ Chapter 01: Python Basics & Data Types

Topic	Key Focus Areas	Link
Python Basics & Inner Workings	PVM, Compiling to Bytecode, .pyc caching in __pycache__, Python implementations (CPython, PyPy).	Go to Basics & Inner Workings 🚀
Memory Reference & Mutability	Variables as pointers, reference sharing, mutable vs immutable types with flow diagrams.	Go to Memory Reference 🧠
Python Data Types	Hierarchy/mutability tree, core built-in types (Numbers, Sequences, Mappings, Sets) summary, and type casting.	Go to Data Types 📊
Numbers Deep Dive	Integers (unlimited precision, caching optimization), Floats (precision issues, special values), complex numbers, fractions, decimals.	Go to Numbers 🔢
Strings Deep Dive	String creation & multiline blocks, indexing & slicing, formatting (F-strings), raw strings (r""), and core methods.	Go to Strings 🧵
Lists Deep Dive	List operations & slicing, mutability, slice reassignment, and list modification gotchas/best practices.	Go to Lists 📋
Dictionaries Deep Dive	Dictionary creation, value retrieval (brackets vs .get()), key modifications, iteration methods, and length.	Go to Dictionaries 📖
Tuples Deep Dive	Why we use tuples, immutability compared to lists, slicing, operators, counts, unpacking, and nesting.	Go to Tuples 🧠

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2️⃣ Chapter 02: Python Conditionals

Topic	Key Focus Areas	Link
Conditional Problems	10 control flow questions covering Age, Ticket Pricing, Grades, Ripeness, Weather, Transport, Coffee, Password Strength, Leap Years, and Pet Food.	Go to Conditionals ⚡

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3️⃣ Chapter 03: Python Loops

Topic	Key Focus Areas	Link
Loop Problems	Practice questions covering for loops, while loops, break/continue, prime checks, and duplication detectors.	Go to Loops 🔄

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4️⃣ Chapter 04: Iteration Tools Under the Hood

Topic	Key Focus Areas	Link
Iteration Mechanics	Iterables vs Iterators, iter() & next(), file cursor vs list iterator memory references, dictionary & range iteration under the hood.	Go to Iteration Notes ⚙️
Interview Q&A	Top interview questions on iteration protocol, custom iterable classes, generators (yield), and memory behaviors.	Go to Iteration Interview Q&A 🎯

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5️⃣ Chapter 05: Python Functions

Topic	Key Focus Areas	Link
Functions Deep Dive	Functions as objects, Pass-by-Object-Reference, Call Stack & Frames, LEGB rule, *args, **kwargs, Closures (__closure__), and yield Generators.	Go to Functions Deep Dive ⚙️
Functions Practice Problems	10 practice problems covering Basic Syntax, Multiple Parameters, Polymorphism, Multiple Return Values, Default Values, Lambda, *args, **kwargs, Generators, and Recursion.	Go to Function Problems 📝

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6️⃣ Chapter 06: Python Scopes

Topic	Key Focus Areas	Link
Scopes & LEGB Rule	Local, Enclosing, Global, and Built-in scopes explained with the Magic Glasses & Neighborhood analogies, global vs nonlocal keywords, and Lexical Scope.	Go to Scopes Guide 👓
Scope Code Examples	Executable script demonstrating global and nonlocal variable modifications in action.	Go to Scope Script 🐍

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7️⃣ Chapter 07: Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs)

Topic	Key Focus Areas	Link
OOP Easy Guide	The Car Factory analogy explaining Class vs Object, self, __init__, the 4 Pillars (Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, Abstraction), Class Variables, Static Methods, and @property.	Go to OOP Easy Guide 🏎️
OOP Problems & Concepts	10 problems covering Classes, Instances, self, Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, Class Variables, Static Methods, @property Decorators, isinstance(), and Multiple Inheritance.	Go to OOP Questions 🚗

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8️⃣ Chapter 08: Python Decorators

Topic	Key Focus Areas	Link
Decorator Problems	3 core practice problems covering Timing Function Execution, Debugging Function Calls, and Caching Return Values.	Go to Decorator Questions 🎨

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9️⃣ Chapter 09: Error Handling & Resource Management

Topic	Key Focus Areas	Link
Error Handling & Context Managers	Manual resource cleanup with try...finally vs pythonic context managers (with open()).	Go to Error Handling Guide 🛡️ | Go to Code Example 🐍

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🚀 How to Run Python Scripts

To run any script in this repository, navigate to the root directory or specific folder and run:

python <script_name>.py

For example:

python 05_functions/07_solution.py
python 06_scopes/01_scope.py