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feat(contracts): let bond owners delegate bonded weight in BondedVotes - #2131

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@ctrlc03 ctrlc03 commented Oct 3, 2026 •

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What

Bonded FOLD and vesting-locked FOLD now move to one delegate that the owner asks and that accepts. An owner that cannot sign a vote, such as a Safe, can then vote through a key that it chooses. One delegate can represent up to three owners. This is the delegation approach to the case that the Safe ballots in #2054 address.

BondedVotes

  • The owner calls delegateBonded(delegatee). The weight moves only when the delegate calls acceptBonded(owner). A request alone moves nothing, so nobody can push weight onto an account or take its place.
  • A delegate represents at most three owners at a time (MAX_BONDED_OWNERS), one per checkpointed slot. Bonded weight is read again from its sources on every call, so each represented owner costs a full read (about 29k gas with one vesting lock). The cap bounds the cost of a vote.
  • acceptBonded takes the first free slot, or reverts BondedDelegateFull when all three are taken.
  • The owner ends a delegation with delegateBonded (zero, itself or another delegate). The delegate ends it with dropBonded(owner), which reverts NotBondedDelegate unless the caller is that owner's current delegate. Both take effect immediately.
  • pendingBondedDelegate(owner), bondedDelegate(owner) and bondedOwners(delegatee) show the current state.
  • Both links are checkpointed on the token clock in one call. At every timepoint, an owner's bonded weight counts at the owner or at exactly one delegate. Delegation is not transitive.
  • A change never moves weight for a settled timepoint. getPastVotes rejects a timepoint that has not settled.
  • Escrowed FOLD keeps the escrow's delegation and wallet FOLD keeps the token's. delegate and delegateBySig still revert.
  • Each change emits BondedDelegateChanged. It is not the IVotes DelegateChanged, because delegates() names the votes-source delegate, and an indexer would record a different one.

CRISP census

A delegate can hold bonded weight with no token log, no bond and no escrow position. The token census did not find it, so a token-census round dropped the delegated weight. get_bonded_delegate_candidates now adds every non-zero toDelegate from the adapter's BondedDelegateChanged logs. getPastVotes at the snapshot then keeps or drops each candidate. ONCHAIN rounds read getPastVotes at vote time and need no change.

Deployment scripts

An adapter from before this change takes the same constructor arguments, so the deployment records could not tell the two apart. hasBondedDelegation probes the code: --action activate-voting refuses a recorded old adapter, --action validate prints a -- line for it, and deployAndSaveBondedVotes deploys a replacement. The probe uses the existing missing-function classifier, which moves from randomness.ts to values.ts.

Rollout

Governance class. The deployed adapters do not change (mainnet 0x028deEA644258c78b1B5B2eacF469F5D781Fb43E). To use delegation:

  1. Remove bondedVotes from the deployment file and run --action activate-voting.
  2. Install a governance plugin that uses the new adapter.
  3. Name the new adapter in new CRISP rounds.

The new adapter starts with no delegations. Ciphernodes do not read BondedVotes, so protocol_version and node_generation do not change. Deploy the CRISP server before rounds name the new adapter. An older server drops the delegated weight from token-census rounds.

Not in this PR:

  • The members/delegates directory does not list a delegate that holds only bonded weight. Vote counts are correct.
  • governance.mdx describes the feature before mainnet uses the new adapter.

Checklist

  • Verified at the smallest covering scope
    • pnpm exec hardhat test mocha test/Registry/BondedVotes.spec.ts test/Deployment/ProtocolDeployment.spec.ts: 100 passing.
    • cargo test -p crisp --lib token_holders::etherscan: 24 passed.
    • Each new test failed against a deliberately broken version of the code:
      • no _settled check, owner keeps weight in getVotes, census reads topic 2;
      • a wrong slot cleared, only slot 0 read, an occupied slot overwritten, dropBonded without the delegate check;
      • history deleted at the delegate or at the owner when a delegation ends;
      • the probe accepts an empty answer, or swallows an RPC failure.
    • hasBondedDelegation has retained tests in ProtocolDeployment.spec.ts: a current adapter, code without bondedDelegate, an address without code, and an RPC failure.
    • The termination test rereads a snapshot taken while the delegation was in force, after each of the three ways to end it.
    • tsc --noEmit, pnpm check:docs and the pre-push hook passed.
  • Harness docs: agent/invariants/01_PROTOCOL_ONCHAIN.md, agent/invariants/04_BUILD_CONFIG.md and agent/flow-trace/02_TOKENS_AND_ACTIVATION.md.
  • Invariants: checked against 01_PROTOCOL_ONCHAIN.md and 04_BUILD_CONFIG.md. The only event identity change is the new BondedDelegateChanged. No existing event changes its meaning.
  • Known bugs table: not applicable. No listed concern changes.
  • Breaking? No. The ABI change is additive and applies only to a new deployment. An unsettled getPastVotes reverts with the same FutureLookup bytes as before.
  • Rollout class: governance, as described above. No protocol_version or node_generation change.
  • Review: one invariant review pass (verdict: correct) and one security review (no exploitable issue) on the first version, and a second pass of each on the three-owner change (correct; no defects). The external review at ddffbba9b found two low test gaps, which 632feb543 covers. The findings are fixed in this PR, except the two items above.

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features
    • Bonded and vesting FOLD voting power can be delegated after the selected delegate accepts. Owners can end or change a delegation, and delegates can return voting power or represent up to three owners.
    • Voting-power discovery includes bonded delegates, and voting history reflects delegation changes at the correct time.
  • Improvements
    • Validation identifies older voting adapters that lack bonded delegation. Deployment tooling replaces them when needed, and activation rejects unsupported adapters.
  • Documentation
    • Governance and protocol guidance explains bonded delegation and how it relates to existing token and escrow delegation.

Bonded FOLD and vesting-locked FOLD stay with their owner, because the
registry holds the bond and the token holds the lock. An owner that
cannot sign a vote, such as a Safe, therefore cannot vote with them.

- The owner calls delegateBonded(delegatee). The weight moves only when
  the delegate calls acceptBonded(owner). dropBonded() gives it back. A
  request alone moves nothing.
- A delegate represents one owner at a time.
- Both links are checkpointed on the token clock in one call. At every
  timepoint, the weight counts at the owner or at exactly one delegate.
  getPastVotes rejects a timepoint that has not settled.
- Each change emits BondedDelegateChanged, not the IVotes
  DelegateChanged, because delegates() names the votes-source delegate.
- An adapter from before this change takes the same constructor
  arguments. hasBondedDelegation detects it: activate-voting refuses it,
  validate reports it, and deployAndSaveBondedVotes replaces it.
A bonded delegate can hold voting weight with no token log, no bond and
no escrow position. Census discovery did not find it, so a token-census
round dropped the weight that an owner delegated.

The census now adds every non-zero toDelegate from the adapter's
BondedDelegateChanged logs to the candidates. getPastVotes at the
snapshot then keeps or drops each one. An adapter from before bonded
delegation emits no such log, so its census does not change.
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📒 Files selected for processing (6)
  • agent/flow-trace/02_TOKENS_AND_ACTIVATION.md
  • agent/invariants/01_PROTOCOL_ONCHAIN.md
  • docs/pages/governance.mdx
  • packages/interfold-contracts/contracts/registry/BondedVotes.sol
  • packages/interfold-contracts/test/Deployment/ProtocolDeployment.spec.ts
  • packages/interfold-contracts/test/Registry/BondedVotes.spec.ts
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  • agent/invariants/01_PROTOCOL_ONCHAIN.md

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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

BondedVotes now supports owner-requested, delegate-accepted delegation of bonded voting weight. Current and historical vote calculations account for active delegations. Candidate discovery and deployment scripts recognize the updated adapter. Randomness reads use shared missing-function error detection.

Changes

Bonded Voting Delegation

Layer / File(s) Summary
Delegation state and vote accounting
packages/interfold-contracts/contracts/registry/BondedVotes.sol, packages/interfold-contracts/test/Registry/BondedVotes.spec.ts, docs/pages/governance.mdx, agent/invariants/01_PROTOCOL_ONCHAIN.md, agent/flow-trace/02_TOKENS_AND_ACTIVATION.md
BondedVotes tracks pending and active delegation, checkpoints owner/delegate links, and assigns bonded weight to the owner or accepted delegate. Tests cover acceptance, withdrawal, replacement, delegate limits, vesting-related weight, and unsettled historical lookups.
Bonded delegate candidate discovery
examples/CRISP/server/src/server/token_holders/etherscan.rs
Candidate discovery scans BondedDelegateChanged logs and adds distinct, nonzero delegate addresses alongside bond owners.
Adapter compatibility checks
packages/interfold-contracts/scripts/protocol/values.ts, packages/interfold-contracts/scripts/deployAndSave/bondedVotes.ts, packages/interfold-contracts/scripts/protocol/activateVoting.ts, packages/interfold-contracts/scripts/protocol/validate.ts, agent/invariants/04_BUILD_CONFIG.md, agent/flow-trace/02_TOKENS_AND_ACTIVATION.md
Deployment reuse, activation, and validation check whether an adapter supports bonded delegation. The scripts identify earlier adapters and handle them as described in the deployment and validation flows.

Randomness Missing-Function Handling

Layer / File(s) Summary
Pending request count error handling
packages/interfold-contracts/scripts/protocol/randomness.ts, packages/interfold-contracts/scripts/protocol/values.ts
Randomness reads use the shared missing-function classifier for pendingRequestCount; other retry failures are rethrown.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Change: Feature

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant Owner
  participant Delegate
  participant BondedVotes
  participant CRISP
  Owner->>BondedVotes: Request bonded delegation
  Delegate->>BondedVotes: Accept owner's request
  BondedVotes->>BondedVotes: Update delegation checkpoints
  BondedVotes-->>CRISP: Emit BondedDelegateChanged
  CRISP->>BondedVotes: Scan adapter logs
  BondedVotes-->>CRISP: Return delegation event logs
Loading

Suggested reviewers: hmzakhalid

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 632fe

No actionable issue is established that would prevent merging after normal checks.

Security Architecture Review

Security architecture risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to 632fe

Delegation is consent-based and bounded, but an existing census fallback conflicts with the new vote attribution. A partial historical-read failure can credit the same bonded weight to both its owner and delegate in a Merkle-census round. On-chain census rounds independently verify historical voting power and contain this risk.

Retained concerns

  • Medium · security · inferred: CRISP can duplicate delegated bonded weight under partial historical-read failure. Both bond owners and accepted delegates are census candidates. If an owner's getPastVotes call fails, the fallback credits its current balanceOf, which still includes its bond and ignores delegation. A successful historical read for the delegate also credits that bond. These results feed Merkle-census construction, where eligibility relies on the resulting root rather than independently checking historical votes. The fallback predates this PR, but bonded delegation introduces this additional attribution conflict. Successful historical reads avoid it, and ONCHAIN census eligibility does not use this fallback.
Security review details

Security Blast Radius

  • inferred — The identified failure affects voting eligibility or weight in CRISP Merkle-census rounds using the adapter, not custody of bonded assets. A consenting owner/delegate pair can receive duplicate credit if the owner's historical read fails while the delegate's succeeds. Multiple affected pairs can accumulate across a census; the three-owner cap limits each delegate, not total round exposure. No ability for an attacker to force selective RPC failure was established.

Security Findings and Attack Paths

  • inferred — The conditional failure path is accepted delegation, inclusion of both owner and delegate as candidates, a failed historical read for the owner, successful balanceOf fallback for that owner, and a successful historical read for the delegate. The census then contains both ownership credit and delegated voting credit for the same bond. Generic live-balance fallback risk predates this PR; this bonded-attribution interaction is newly enabled.

Trust Boundaries and Controls

  • observed — Owner identity is bound to msg.sender when requesting delegation; acceptance requires the exact requested delegate; and only the current delegate can drop an owner. ONCHAIN census eligibility independently calls getPastVotes at the round snapshot and rejects insufficient power, whereas other census modes use the configured Merkle root.

Resilience and Maintainability Implications

  • inferred — The inspected on-chain transition paths preserve request consumption and paired attribution through repetition, replacement, revocation and transaction reverts. Recovery across adapter replacement is different: delegation histories remain on the old address, and consumer rebinding and renewed delegations require coordinated operations rather than automatic migration.

Hardening Proposals

  • proposed — For recognized bonded-votes adapters, require successful historical reads for the complete Merkle census. Retry transient failures at the same snapshot or abort construction instead of substituting balanceOf. Verify the mixed owner-failure/delegate-success case in both weighted and constant-credit census modes.
🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 57.89% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 19 functions across 8 files. (4 skipped: … Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Description Check ✅ Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely identifies the main change: adding bonded-weight delegation to BondedVotes.
Full details: Docstring Coverage

Explanation

Docstring coverage is 57.89% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 19 functions across 8 files. (4 skipped: 4 unsupported.)

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Caution

Some comments are outside the diff and can’t be posted inline due to GitHub limitations.

⚠️ Outside diff range comments (1)

🟡 Minor · Decode the bonded-delegate return before accepting the saved adapter. · values.ts:68-90

packages/interfold-contracts/scripts/protocol/values.ts:68-90
🗄️ Data Integrity & Integration | 🟡 Minor | ⚡ Quick win

Decode the bonded-delegate return before accepting the saved adapter.

provider.call returns raw hex, and this check accepts every value except "0x". If --action activate-voting reads an address whose contract returns nonempty malformed data for bondedDelegate, it can skip deploying a BondedVotes contract and report the incompatible address as already deployed. Decode the result with the declared ABI before returning true.

Suggested fix
-const bondedDelegateCall = new ethersLib.Interface([
+const bondedDelegateInterface = new ethersLib.Interface([
   "function bondedDelegate(address owner) view returns (address)",
-]).encodeFunctionData("bondedDelegate", [ZERO]);
+]);
+const bondedDelegateCall =
+  bondedDelegateInterface.encodeFunctionData("bondedDelegate", [ZERO]);
 
 export async function hasBondedDelegation(
   provider: ethersLib.Provider,
   target: string,
 ): Promise<boolean> {
   try {
     const result = await provider.call({
       to: target,
       data: bondedDelegateCall,
     });
-    return result !== "0x";
+    if (result === "0x") return false;
+    bondedDelegateInterface.decodeFunctionResult("bondedDelegate", result);
+    return true;
   } catch (error) {
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Review comment at @packages/interfold-contracts/scripts/protocol/values.ts
around lines 68 - 90:
Update hasBondedDelegation to decode nonempty provider.call results with the
declared bondedDelegate ABI before returning true; retain false for empty
results and missing-function errors, and propagate other failures.

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Outside diff comments:
Review comments at @packages/interfold-contracts/scripts/protocol/values.ts:
- Around line 68-90: Update hasBondedDelegation to decode nonempty provider.call
results with the declared bondedDelegate ABI before returning true; retain false
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  • agent/flow-trace/02_TOKENS_AND_ACTIVATION.md
  • agent/invariants/04_BUILD_CONFIG.md
  • examples/CRISP/server/src/server/token_holders/etherscan.rs
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A delegate could represent only one owner, so one key could not vote for
several Safes. Bonded weight is read again on every vote, and each
represented owner costs a full read, so the number stays capped.

- MAX_BONDED_OWNERS is 3. Each delegate has three checkpointed slots.
  acceptBonded takes the first free slot or reverts BondedDelegateFull.
- dropBonded takes the owner to release. It reverts NotBondedDelegate
  unless the caller is that owner's current delegate.
- bondedOwners(delegatee) replaces bondedOwner(delegatee).
- The invariant names acceptBonded and _unlink as the only writers of
  the links, and the rule they rely on: an owner with a pending request
  has no delegate.
- Each way to end a delegation keeps the answer for a snapshot taken
  while the delegation was in force, at the owner and at the delegate.
- hasBondedDelegation tells a current adapter from code without
  bondedDelegate and from an address without code, and it rethrows an
  RPC failure.

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